420 SPINACIDiE. 



Mouth wide, but slightly arched; a long, deep, straight, oblique 

 groove on each side of the mouth. Teeth of the lower jaw with the 

 point more or less inclined backwards or outwards. Upper teeth 

 erect, triangular, or narrow lanceolate, with a single cusp. No 

 raembrana nictitans. Spiracles wide, behind the eye. Gill-openings 

 narrow. 



European seas ; Moluccas. 



Several of the species have been separated from the type of the 

 genus on account of slight modifications of the dentition. But the 

 passage from triangular to lanceolate teeth in the upper jaw, and 

 from reclining to erect teeth in the lower, is so gradual that these 

 generic sections do not appear to be called for. 



Synopsis of the Species. 

 a. Dorsal spines projecting beyond the skin. 

 a. Scales with from four to six keels. 



aa. The labial grooves are very distant from each other. The length 

 of the base of the first dorsal (without the spine) is 

 one-third of the distance between the two fins. 



1. granulosus, p. 420. 



one-half of the distance between the two fins. 



2. lusitanicus, p. 421. 



hb. Labial grooves prolonged forwards, nearly meeting in the median 



line of the snout 3. crepidater, p. 421. 



6. Scales with a single median keel, leaf-shaped, pedunculate. 

 aa. No median tooth in the lower jaw 4. squamosus, p. 422. 



bb. A median tooth in the lower jaw (Machephilus, Johns.). 



5. dumerilii, p. 422. 



e. Scales leaf-shaped, with three sti'ong ribs, each terminating in a 

 point (Scymnodon, Bocage) 6. ringens, p. 428. 



d. Scales minute, tricuspid 7. calcetis, p. 423. 



j3. Dorsal spines hidden beneath the skin {^Centr'oscymnus, Boc). 



8. ccelolepis, p. 423. 



a. Doi-sal spines projecting beyond the skin. 



I. Centrophorus granulosus. 



Squalus granulosus, Bl. Schn. p. 135. 



Acanthorhinus granulosus, Blainv. Nouv. Bull. Sc. 1816, p. 121. 



Centrophorus granulosus, Mull. S^- Henle, p. 89, pi. 83; Gttichen. 

 Exphrr. Algir. p. 126; Bocage, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 260 ; Ihf- 

 menl, Elnsmobr. p. 447 ; Bocage 8f Capello, Peix. Plagiost. p. 25 

 (descript. pars), tab. 3. tig. 1. 



The labial fold does not extend along the margins of the mouth. 

 The distance between the nostfils is rather more than one-third of 

 the length of the praeoral portion of the snout. The lower angle of 

 the pectoral is proflucr'd into a narrow lobe, longer in adult examples 

 than in immature. The length of the base of the second dorsal 



