424 SPINACIDJE. 



one-half of tho length of the prseoral portion of the snout. Lower 

 angle of the pectoral rounded, not produced. Dorsal spines hidden 

 beneath the skin. Dorsal fins snort, especially the first, the length of 

 the base of which (without the spine) is only about one-sixth of its- 

 distance from the second. Extremity of the ventral fins below the 

 end of the second dorsal fin. Scales on the head and nape with 

 striae, the others smooth, with a depression at the base. Uniform 

 blackish brown. 



Coasts of Portugal ; Madeira. 

 a. Fine male specimen. Madeira. Presented by J. Y. Johnson, Esq. 



31. SPINAX. 



Spinax, sp., Cuv. Regnt Anim. 



Acanthidium, Lotve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 91. 



Spinax, Miill. ^ Henle. 



Two dorsal fins, each with a sinne ; no anal fin. Mouth but 

 slightly arched ; a long, deep, straight, oblique groove on each side 

 of the mouth. Teeth of the lower jaw with the point so much 

 turned aside that the inner margin of the tooth forms a cutting edge. 

 Upper teeth erect, each .with a long pointed cusp and one or two 

 small ones on each side. No membrana nictitans. Spiracles wide, 

 superior, behind the eye. Gill-openings narrow. 



European seas ; West Indies. 



1. Spinax niger. 



Galeus acanthias s. Spinax fuscus, Willughby, p. 57. 



Squalus, sp., Artedi, Synon. p. 95. no. 4, and Gen. p. 67. no. 4. 



Squalus spinax, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 398 ; Gunner, Trond. JSclsk. Skr. 



1763, ii. p. 313, tab. 7 ; £1. Schn. p. 135 ; liisso, Ichth. Nice, p. 41, 



and Eur. M^rid. iii. p. 132. 

 Blaataske, ^smn. 7c. tab. 37. 



Sagre, Brouss. Mem. Ac. So. 1780, p. 675 ; Lacep. i. p. 274. 

 Squalus gunneri, Reinhardt, Dansk. Selsk. Fork. iii. 1828, p. xvi. 

 Spinax niger, Bona]). Faun. Ital. Peso. ; Ayass. Poiss. Foss. iii. p. 92, 



tab. B. fig. 5 ; Midi ^- Henle, p. 86 ; Kriiy. Danm. Fisk. iii. p. 893 ; 



Ndss. Skand. Faun. Fisk.-o. 729 ; Dumertl, Elastnobr. p. 441 ; Gray, 



Ann. ^ Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868, i. p. 312. 



The scales terminate in short setiform spines, giving a villous ap- 

 pearance to the skin. The first dorsal fin shorter than the second, 

 midway between the second dorsal spine and the eye. Uniform 

 brown or black, or with a whitish longitudinal band along the side 

 of the abdomen and of the tail. Caudal fin sometimes with a white 

 margin. 



European seas. 



a. Adult. Coast of Jutland. Presented by Mr. AV. Edwards. 

 h-d. Adult (14 inches long). Mediterranean. Purchased of Mr. 



Cutter. 

 e,f-h. Adult and half-grown. Nice. From Dr. Deakin's Collection. 

 i. Adult. Sicily. 



