4G0 UAJIU.E. 



G. Raja radiata. 



Raja fiillonica, Fahr. Faun. Grvcnl. p. 12o; Fahei\ Fisch, Isl. p. 38. 



clavata, lluUh. Gotheh. Vet. N. Handl. iv. p. 20. 



radiata, Donov. lirif. Fkh. v. pi. 114; Flvrn. Brit. An. p. 170; 



Yurr. Brit. Fish, "ind edit. ii. p. 585, or Jird edit. ii. p. 587 ; Par- 



nell Trans. R. Nor. Eilinh. 1840, p. 145, and Werner. 3Iein. vii. 



p. 4.!i), pi. 4.i ; Jeni/ns, Brit. Vert p. 5] 7 ; Fries, Vet. Ak. Handl. 



183!), p. ]4(), pi. .3. "fig-. 4 ; Niis^. Skand. Faim. Fish. p. 73(5; Wri;iht 



eV Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 100, pi. 43; M'Coy, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. 



Hist. 1841, vi. p. 405; Miill. >.y Hmle, p. 137; Kraifvr, Banm. 



Fisk. iii. p. 038 ; Comk, Fish. Brit. Isl. i. p. 103, pi. 23 (cop. Do- 



novan) ; J)iimeril, Elasmobr. p. 531. 



Angle of the extremity of the snout obtuse. The width of the 

 interorbitiil space is equal to the length of the orbit. Teeth in about 

 45 scries in the upper jaw, pointed in the male. Outer pectoral 

 angle rounded. Body and ttil ivith large hucllers, each tvith a ra- 

 diate or stellate base. One series of large and rather distant bucklers 

 along the median line of the back and tail, accompanied on each 

 side by another row of smaller bucklers. A pair of bucklers on each 

 f.ide of the shoidder. Also the small dermal ossifications have a ra- 

 diated base. Male with a band of claAV-like spine? opposite to the 

 outer angle of the pectoral fin. 



Northern coasts of Europe. 



a-c. Adult males and female : skins. Firth of Forth. 



d~e. Adult males and young: skins. From Mr. Yarrell's Collection. 



7. Raja asterias. 



Midi. ^ Hmle, pp. 139 & 104, pi. 40. fig. 2 (not synon.) ; Dutneril, 

 Elasmobr. p. 543 (not synon.'). 



Anterior profile of the snout obtusely rounded, with the extremity 

 slightly projecting. The width of the interorbital space is rather 

 more than the length of the orbit. The distance between the outer 

 margins of the nostrils is a little more than their distance from the 

 end of the snout. Tetth small, in about 80 series in the ujtpcr jaw, 

 obtuse ia the female. Outer pectoral angle nearly a right one. 

 Bodij cntirehj covered tvith minute asperities. A series of spines 

 along the median line of the back and tail ; another series along 

 each side of the tail. Very small spines in front and behind the 

 superciliary ridge. Upper parts ivith numerous round dark-brown 

 S2wts, sometimes mixed with larger ones of a bright colour. 



Coasts of Southern Europe ; Madeira. 



a, b. x\dult females. JMadeira. Presented by J. Y. Johnson, Esq. 

 8. Raja miraletus. 



Raja miraletn.*, L. Syst. Xat. i. p. 300 ; IJriinn. Irhlh. Mass. p. 2 ; 

 Lacep. i. p. 75 ; JRi-'sn, Ichth. Nice, p. 4, and Eur. Mcrid. iii. 

 p. 140; Bonap. Faun. Ital. Pescc; .Midi, i)- Hcnle. p. 141; Ihi- 

 )itrril, Elasmobr. p. 548. 



