478 TUYQONIBiE. 



the head and back, young ones entirely smooth. Dark violet above, 

 lighter violet below. , 



Mediterranean. 



13. Trygon pastinaca. 

 The Sting-Ray. 

 Pastinaca marina, Bellon. Be Aquat. p. 94 ; Rondel. l)e Vise. p. 331 ; 



Salvian. p. 144, tab. 49 ; Willughby, p. 67, tab. C 3. 

 Raja, sp. DOS. 3 & 4, Artedi, Synon. p. 100, et Gen. p. 71 ; Gronov. 



Mus. Ichth. i. p. G4. no. 141. 

 Raja pastinaca, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 396; Bl. taf. 82 ; Bl. Schn. p. 360; 



Donovan, Brit. Fish. v. pi. 99; Turton, Brit. Faun. p. 112; Risio, 



Ichth. Nice, p. 10. 

 Duhamel, Pesches, iii. sect. ix. p. 2o:J, pi. 9. fig. 8. 

 Sting-Ray, Pennant, Brit. Zool. iii. p. 83, or, edit. 1812, iii. p. 125. 

 Trygon vulgaris, Risso, Fur. Merid. iii. p. 160. 

 Trygonobatus pastinaca, Blainv. Faun. Franq. p. 35, pi. 6. figs. 1 & 2. 

 Trygon lymma, Geoffr. St.-Hil. Descr. Eg. Poiss. p. 219, pi. 27. fig. 1. 

 pastinaca, Cuv. Rcgne Anim. ; Flem. Brit. An. p. 170 ; Mull. 8f 



Henle, p. 161 ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. Pesc. ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. 2nd 



edit. ii. p. 588, or 3rd. edit. ii. p. 591 ; Jenyns, Man. p. 518 ; Kessler, 



Bull. Soc. Nat. Mo^c. 1859, ii. p. 474 ; Nilss. Skand. Faun. Fisk. 



p. 741 ; Parnell, Werner. Mem. vii. p. 440, pi. 43 ; Kriiyer, Damn. 



Fisk. iii. p. 1018 ; Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. i. p. 130, pi. 31 ; Dumiril, 



Flasmobr. p. 600. 

 Pastinaca laevis, Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 11, 

 Trygon akajei, Miill. 8c Henle, p. 165, taf. 53 ; Schleg, Faun. Japon. 



Poiss. p. 308 ; Bleek. Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. ii. Japan, iv. p. 44 ; 



DumSril, I. c. p. 604. 

 Raja sayi, Lesueur, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1817, i. p. 42. 

 Trygon sayi, Milll. ^ Henle, p. 166 ; Dumiril, Flasmobr. p. 603. 

 Myliobatis sayi, Storer, Mem. Amer. Acad. ii. p. 514. 



Tail with a distinct cutaneous fold below and a slight ridge above, 

 about one-half longer than the disJc, or 7~ather shorter. TJie margins of 

 the snout form an obtuse angle. Body smooth, sometimes a few small 

 tubercles, pointing backwards, in the median line of the scapulary 

 region. Three (five) appendages at the bottom of the mouth, behind 

 the teeth. Coloration uniform, or sometimes with small round scat- 

 tered whitish, non-ocellatcd spots. 



Atlantic, Ch'kia, and Japan. 

 a-c. Half-grown and young: stuffed. Plymouth. Presented by 

 Lieut. H. F. Spence, R.N. 



d. Adult female. North America. 



e. Young male. Lanzarote. Presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. 

 f-g. Half-grown : skins. Jamaica. Purchased of Mr. Parnell. 



h. Half-grown. West Indies. From the Collection of the Zoological 



Society. 

 i. Ikrbadoos. Presented by Sir R. Schomburgk. 

 k-l. Young. New Orleans. From M. Salle's Collection, 

 m. Half-grown. British Guiana. Collected by Hr. Ehrhardt. 

 n. Half-grown. Bahia. From I^r. Wucherer's Collection. 

 0. Young, Amoy. From Consul Swinhoe's Collection. 

 p-q. Young. Japan. Purchased of Mr. Jamrach. 



