4. LABRAX. 63 



2. Faralabrax clathratus. 



Labrax clathratus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat.lSc. Philad. 1854, p. 143. 

 Paralabrax clathratus, Girard, I. c. 1850, p. 131 



D.9|l A.f 



Total length not quite foiu' times the height of the body ; lateral 

 line ? ; fourth dorsal spine longest. Back purplish ; back and sides 

 covered with darker blotches ; second dorsal spotted ; a dark temple- 

 streak. 



San Diego (California). 



4. LABRAX*. 



Labrax, Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Cuv. i^~ Val. ii. p. 55. 



Seven branchiostegals ; pseudobranchiaj developed. AU the teeth 

 villiform, "without canines ; teeth on the jjalatine bones and on the 

 tongue. Two dorsals, the first with nine spines ; anal fin generally 

 with three. Operculum spiniferous ; pra)operculum serrated, and 

 with denticulations at the lower limb ; prasorbital entire. Scales 

 rather small or moderate. Number of pyloric appendages few 

 (4-5). 



Shores of the Arctic Eegions ; Rivers of North America. 



1. Labrax lupus. 



Aa^pa^, Aristot. i. cap. 5, iv. cap. 11, v. cap. 10, vi. cap. 13, 19, viii. 



cap. 19, and De Part Anim, iv. cap. 8, viii. cap. 2, 30 ; ^han, i, 



cap. 30, ix. cap. 7, x, cap. 2, xvi. cap. 12 ; Athen. lib. vii. xiv. ; 



Oppian, i. cap. 5, ii. cap. 34, 58. 

 Lupus, Plln. ix. cap. 17, 54, xxxii. cap. 2; Bellon. Aqiiaf. i. p. 113; 



Salv. Aqiiat. xxviii. p. 108. f. 30; Rondel. Pise. Mar. ix. ck^. 7, 



cum fif*-. ; Gesncr, iv. p. 500 ; Aldrov. Pise. iv. cap. 2. p. 490, cum 



fig.; Jonston, ii. cap. 2; Willayhhy, iv. cap. 1. p. 271. tab. K. 1; 



Pay, Stjn. Pise. p. 83. 

 Perca no. 7, Artedi, Gen. Pise. p. 41. 

 Perca labrax, Li7in. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 482 ; Jiisso, Ichth. Nie. p. 299. and 



Hist- Nat. iii. p. 400 ; Nilss. Prodr. Ichth. Scandin. p. 82 ; Pmn. 



Brit. Zool. p. 348. t. 00 ; Donov. Brit. Fishes, pi. 43 ; Turton, Brit. 



Faun. p. 100; Fle7n. Brit. Anim. p. 213; Son nni, Voy. i. p. 217. 



pi. 3 ; Scharjerstrdm, R. Vet. Acad. Hand. 1829, St. i. p. 90. tab. 3. 



f. 5-7 ; 3Iartens, Reise nach Venedig, ii. p. 428 : Gronov. ed. Gray, 



p. 115 (not Pallas). 

 Perca punctata, Gmel. Sgst. Nat. i. p. 1311 ; Lacep. iv. p. 418; Risso, 



Hist. Nat. iii. p. 407. 

 Centropomus lupus, Lacep. iv. p. 207. 



Perca diacantha, Lacep. iv. p. 418 ; Sehneid. Bl. Syst. p. 85. 

 Sciagna labrax, Bloch, iii. p. 45. t. 301 (bad) ; Shaw, Zool. iv. p. 534. 



punctata, Bloch, t. 305 (jun.); Shaic, Zool. iv. p. 536. 



diacantha, Bloch, t. 302 ; Shaw, Zool. iv. p. 535. 



* 1. Labrax nigricans, Drkai/, New York Fauna, Fishes, p. 12. pi. 50. f. 160.- 

 Freshwater ponds of New York. 

 2. Labrax alWdus, Dekay, I.e. p. 13. pi. 51. f. 165.— Lake Erie. 



