388 PEISTIPOMATID-S:. 



spines veiy feeble ; caudalis forked. No teeth on the vomer. Prae- 

 operculum entire. Scales rather small, ciliated. Six branchiostegals. 

 Pseudobranchiffi. Air-bladder generally forked posteriorly. Pyloric 

 appendages in small number. 



Mediterranean ; Atlantic. [Sea of Ceylon.] 



1. Smarts vulgaris. 



? "Sfiapis, Arist. Hist. Anim. viii. cap."" 30. 



Smans, Rcndel. .v.- cap. 14. p. 140. 



Giaret, Bellotu i. p. 221. fig, in p. 223 & p. 222. 



Maena Candida seu Smaris Rondeletii, Gesner, Aquae, iv. p. 522. 



Smaris primus, Johnst. i. cap. 1. p. 55. tab. 20. f. 5. 



Spams, sp. 10, Artedi, Genera, p. 36. 



Sparus smaris, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 468 ; L. Gm. p. 1271 ; Bl. Sehn.T,. 273 j 



Bisso, Ichth. Nice, p. 238 (not Briinn.) ; tacep. iv. pp. 79, 84. 

 Smaris smaris, Bisso, Hist. Nat. iii. p. 345. 

 Sparus argenteus, macula, &c., Briinn. Ichth. Mass. p. 42. 

 Smaris vulgaris, Cuv. (^ Val. vi. p. 407 ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. Pesci, 



pi. . f. 1. 

 Smaris gagarella, Cuv. Sf Val. vi. p. 420 ; Bonap. I. c. 



-D.il. A.|. L.lat.70. L. transv. 7/12. Csec. pylor. 4. Vert. 10/13. 



The height of the body equals the length of the head, and is 4| in 

 the total ; the snout (when closed) is rather longer -than the diameter 

 of the eye, which is 3^ in the length of the head. The dorsal fin 

 not notched, with the posterior rays shortest ; the sixth spine is the 

 longest, longer than one-half of the height of the body. A large 

 black lateral spot beneath the lateral line. 



Mediterranean. 



a. Fine specimen. Dalmatia. 



6, c. Adult. Adriatic. From Mr. Frank's Collection. 

 d. Adult. Lisbon. 



«. Adult : skin. Mediterranean. From the Collection of the Zoo- 

 logical Society. 



2. Smarts alcedo. 



Smaris, Willughhy, iv. cap. 23. p. 43. 



Sparus alcedo, Bisso, Ichth. Nice, p. 258. 



Smaris smaris, mas, Bisso, Bur. Merid. iii. p. 845. 



Scisena gymnodon, Pall. Zoogr. iii. p. 252. 



Smaris alcedo, Cuv. 8f Val. vi. p. 416 ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. pi. . f. 3 ; 



Guich. Expilor. Scient. Alg&r. Poiss. p. 55. 

 chryselis, Cuv. Sc Val. vi. p. 419. pi. 165 ; Bonap. I. c. f. 4 ; 



Nordm, in Demid. yog. Buss. Mirid. p. 389. 



D. i{. A. |. Csec. pylor. 4. 



The height of the body is nearly equal to the length >3f the head, 

 and one-fourth or one-fifth of the total. The spinous dorsal rather 

 higher than one-half of the depth of the body ; the posterior rays 



