14. 8ABGU8. 441 



the head and 1^ in that of the snout, which equals the distance be- 

 tween the eyes ; the crown of the head is convex, and there is a pro- 

 tuberance above the upper anterior angle of the orbit ; the praeorbital 

 does not entirely cover the maxillary bone. The pectoal fins extend 

 to the origin of the anal, and the ventrals nearly to the vent. The 

 second anal spine is rather stronger and longer than the third, and 3^ 

 (in younger individuals 2|) in the length of the head. Silvery or 

 shining golden, with numerous narrow longitudinal dusky stripes 

 (8 or 9 above and 15 or 16 below the lateral line), 'and with four or 

 five narrow blackish cross-bands, the first between the origin of the 

 dorsal and the axil ; a broad black cross-band on the back of the tail. 

 Mediten-anean ; Canary Islands ; Madeira. 



a. Fine specimen. Madeira. From the Haslar Collection. 



h. Fine specimen. Madeira. Presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. 



c. Fine specimen. Madeira. Purchased of Mr. Stevens. 



d. Adult : skeleton. Lanzarote. Presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. 



e. f. Adiilt; stuffed. Santa Cruz (Tenerifie). Presentedby J. Gould, 



Esq. 

 g. Adult : stuffed. Santa Cruz (Teneriffe). 

 h. Adult : stuffed. Lisbon. Presented by G. Hough, Esq. 

 i. Adult : skin. From Mr. YarreU's Collection. 

 k, I. Half-grown : bad state. From the Haslar Collection. 



Skeleton. — The skeleton is very similar to that of the preceding 

 species ; there are, however, the following differenoes. The foramen 

 of the maxiUary is much smaller, and situated more towards the 

 upper extremity of the bone. The occipital crest has the upper 

 margin straight. The large free space between the coracoid and the 

 radius is triangular and elongate, three times as long as broad. There 

 are ten abdominal and fourteen caudal vertebrae, the length of the 

 former portion of the vertebral column being to that of the caudal 

 as 1 : 1*24. Valenciennes attributes nine abdominal vertebrae to this 

 and the preceding species, — I have found ten in both. Further, he 

 says, " le premier intere'pineux porte a sa partie superieure une opine 

 osseuse, courte, mais tres-grosse, dont la pointe est dirigee vers la 

 teto du poisson ; en avant de cet interepineux en sent trois sans 

 rayons." This is incorrect ; the first true interneural has no spine 

 directed forwards, but that spine belongs to the third spurious inter- 

 neural (t. e. to the third interneural without corresponding dermo- 

 ncural). But, in fact, aU the three spurious intemeurals have such 

 a spine directed forwards, as usual in this Order of fishes. The 

 first interhsemal is strong and very elongate, equal to the length of 

 tlie second vertebra to the ninth. 



There are eight rather broad incisors in both the jaws, with a 

 group of granular teeth behind. The molars are arranged in three 

 series above, and in two below ; sometimes some smaller teeth extend 

 from that group along the inner side of the constant scries, giving 

 the appearance of a fourth (or third in the lower jaw) additional one. 

 The pharyngeal teeth are cardiform, and the upper ones arc slightly 

 compressed, terminating in a small curved hook. 



