466 spARiDai. 



series of both the jaws ; the molars are arranged in two series. 

 Cheeks scaly. The spines of the dorsal (twelve, rarely eleven) are 

 sometimes elongate, and can be received in a groove ; three anal spines. 

 Scales of moderate size. Six branchiostegals. Pyloric appendages in 

 small number (in one species none) ; air-bladder simple. 



Mediterranean ; Coasts of Africa ; Atlantic shores of the United 

 States ; Edst Indian and Australian Seas. 



A. Species with the dorsal spines not elongated. 

 1. Pa^^rus vulgaris. 



ndypos, Aristot. viii. cap. 13 & 17. 



Pagrus, Rondel, v. c. 16. p. 142. 



SpariLS, no. 4, AHedi, Genera, p. 36. 



Duhamel, iv. cap. 2. p. 29. 



Sparus pagrus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 469 ; Brimnich, Pise. Mass. p. 94 ; 



Risso, Ichth. Nice, p. 241; De la Rnche, Ann. Mas. xiii. p. 317; 



Martens, Reise nach Venedifj, ii. p. 425. 



argenteus, Bl. Schn. p. 271. 



Pagrus vulgaris, Cuv. 8f Val. vi. p. 142. pi. 148 ; Ynrrell, Brit. Fishes, 



i. p. 116, figure copied from Cuv. ^ Val. I. c. (not description or 



vignette) ; Webb 8f Berthel. Hist. Nat. lies Canar. Poiss. p. 32 ; 



Guichen. Explor. Scient. Alger, Poiss. p. 49. 



D. 1^. A. |. L. lat. 56. L. transv. 6/13. Vert. 9/15. 



The height of the body is 3g in the total length, the length of the 

 head 3| ; the diameter of tlie eye is Ij in the distance between the 

 eyes, and If in' the length of the snout. The upper profile of the 

 neck and head is parabolic ; an obtuse protuberance before the upper 

 anterior angle of the eye; the preeorbital is Ig-lj as long as high, 

 and has an incision in front. Dorsal spines not elongate ; the second 

 anal spine stronger, but not longer, than the third, one-fourth of the 

 length of the head ; pectoral elongate, reaching to the fourth soft 

 ray of the anal fin. Silvery ; back rose-coloui-ed. 



Mediterranean ; Sea of Madeira and of the Canary Islands. 



a. Adult. 



b. Yery fine specimen. Lanzarote. From the Rev. 11. T. Lowe's Col- 



lection. 



c. Half-grown. Orotava. Presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. 



d. Adult : skin. From the Collection of the Zoological Society. 



Yarrell has entirely mistaken this fish, and, as we shall see here- 

 after, some other species of the Sparida3. The specimen from which 

 he made the description and a' drawing of the dentition (pp. 117-119) 

 is in the Collection of the British Museum, and belongs to Pagelhis 

 erymnnus. The figure of the fish and the notes on the synonymy 

 (pp. 11 6-1 17) arc taken from the ' Histoire Naturellc des Poissons, par 

 Cuv. & Val.' It appears to mfi highly probable that Pagrus vulgaris 

 does not reach so far northwards as the coast of Great Britain, as I 

 have neither met with this species on the coast or in fish-markets, 

 nor found a British specimen among th.> aumerous skins of British 



