20. CURYSOPHRTS. 483 



double, containing teeth equal to those of the outer one, The j)ha- 

 ryngeal teeth are cardiforni. 



The compariHon of the skeletons of European and West Indian 

 specimens proves the identity of Pagellus pemamhucensis with P. 

 mormyrxis. 



7. Pagellus lithognathus. 



aiv. 8r Val. vi. p. 204. pi. 151. 



D.iJ. A.|. L.lat. 43-50. L. transv. 5/13. Vert. 22. 



Adult. — The height of the body is 4| in the total length ; the 

 diameter of the eye is seven times in the length of the head, and 3| 

 in that of the snout. The upjK'r maxillary bone (of achdt specimens) 

 is very thick, swollen, and hard like stone. The molar teeth in the 

 upper jaw form a band, and are irregularly arranged ; throe series in 

 the lower. Uniformly coloured. 



Cape of Good Hope. 



a. Thirty-six inches long : stuffed. 



Young. — The height of the body is nearly equal to the length of 

 the head, and about 3.| in the total ; the diameter of the eye is one- 

 fifth of the length of the head, about one-half of that of the snout, 

 and 1 ;| in the distance between the eyes. The mouth is vei*y pro- 

 tractile and the upper maxillaiy bent, with the concavity downwards 

 and forwards, but not swollen. The molar teeth are rather small, 

 arranged in three rcgidar Mrries in the upper jaw, and in one com- 

 plete or in two incomphite series in the lower. The dorsal s])inos are 

 moderate, slightly compress(>.d on one side ; the fourth, fifth and 

 sixth are longest, their length being (^qual to the distance between 

 the third and seventh spines. Coloration unifoi-m (in a dried state) ; 

 in life with five brownish cross-bands. 



b. 9|" long: stuffed. Cape Seas. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

 e. 10" long : skin. From Gronov's Collection. 



20. CHRYSOPHRYS*. 



Chrysophrys, Cuv. Rbgne Anitn.; Cuv. Sf Val. vi. p. 81. 



Four or six conical canine teeth and three or more series of 

 rounded molar teeth in both jaws. Checiks scaly. The sjnnes of the 

 dorsal (eleven or twelve) can bo received in a groove; ; three anal 

 spines. Scales of moderate size. Six branchiostegals. Pyloric ap- 



* 1. SparuB bilobatus, Lackip.'w. p. 141. — Chrysophrys bilobato, Cuv. ^ Val. 

 vi. p. 125. — From a drawing. 



2. Renard, fol. 21. no. 214. — Chrysophrys coracinus, Cuv. ^ Val. vi. p. 13;i. 



— He de France. 



3. Sparus fuscescens, var., Lacip. iii. pi. 17. f. 3. — Chrysophrys madagaflca- 



riensis, Cuv. 4" Val. vi: p. 1.'}.5.— From a drawing. 



4. Sparus annularis, lil. taf. 27 1 .— Cltrysophrys annularis, Cuv. Sf Val. vi. 



p. l;i'.). — rcrlia|)8 an imaginary spiicioH. 

 ."■>. Sparus I'orsUni,, lil. Svlin. ]). 282. -Chrysophrys fprstcri, Cuv. tf- Val. 

 vi. p. 140. — Pacifio. 



2 1 2 



