328 GADID^. 



caudal, three dorsal and two anal fins ; ventrals narrow, composed of 

 six or more rays. Teeth in the upper jaw in a narrow band ; vomerine 

 teeth ; none on the palatines. Branchiostegals seven. 



Seas of the polar and temperate regions of the northern hemi- 

 sphere. 



I di^'ide the species of this genus into the following groups : — 



A. Upper jaw longest ; teeth in the outer series of the upper jaw stronger 



than the others (Gadus, m.), p. 328. 



B. Lower jaw longest ; teeth in the outer series of the upper jaw stronger 



than the others {Boreoyadus), p. 336. 



C. Lower jaw longest ; teeth in the upper jaw of equal size (PoUachius), 



p. 338. 



A. Upper jaw longest; teeth in the outer series of the upper jaw stronger 

 than the others (Gadus). 



1. Gadus morrhua. 



Codfish. Cabeljau (old and fresh), Dorsch (yoimg and fresh), Stock- 

 fisch (dried), Laberdan (salted). Kabelja and Torsk (Sweden). 



Synonymy of the adult European Cod. 



Morrhua vulgaris, Bellon. De Aquat. p. 128. 



Molva, Rondel, ix. c. 14. p. 280 ; Gesner, pp. 88, 102. 



Morrhua s. Molva, Aldror. iii. c. 6. p. 289; Jonst. i. tit. L c. 1. art. 2. 

 tab. 2. fig. 1. 



Asellus major, Schonev. p. 18 ; Willuyhhy, p. 165. tab. L, M. 1. fig. 4 ; 

 Ray, Syn. p. 53. 



Gadus, sp., Artedi, Syn. p. 35. no. 6. 



Gadus moiThua, L. Syst. i. p. 436; Bl. Fische Deutschl.n.T^.145. taf 64, 

 Bl. Schn. p. 7 ; Lacep. ii. p. 309 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. p. 89 ; Donov. 

 Brit. Fish. v. pi. 106 ; Mitch. Lit. 8f Phil. Traits. Neto York, i. p. 367 

 Faber, Fische Isl. p. l04 ; Richards. Faun. Bor.-Amer. Fish. p. 242 

 Jen. Man. p. 440 ; Niks. Skand. Faun. iv. p. 537 ; Brandt Sf Ratzeh 

 i. p. 46. tab. 9. fig. 3 ; Cuv. RegneAnim. III. Poiss. y\. 106. fig. 1. 



Callarios, Klein, Pise. Miss. v. p. 6. no. 4. tab. 1. fig. x. 



? Gadus morrhua, Fabr. Fami. Groenl. p. 146. 



4.scan. Ic. tab. 4 & 27. 



Codfish, Penii. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 152 ; ed. 1812, ii. p. 221. 



Morue, Duham. Peches, ii. sect. 1. p. 37. pi. 12. fig. 1. 



Gadus callarias, Fries och Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 191. taf 47. 



Morrhua viUgaris, Flem. Brit. An. p. 191 ; Yarr. Brit. Fish. 2nd edit, 

 ii. p. 221, and 3rd edit. i. p. 524 ; Parn. Wern. 3fetn. vii. p. 334, or 

 Fishes Frith of Forth, p. 173. 



Skeleton : Brandt i^ Ratzeb. i. tab. 8. fig. 2 (skull of G. callarias). 



Anatomy : Delaroche, Ann. Mus. xiv. 1809, p. 279. 



2. Merlangus vernalis, Ris.so, Etir. Merid. iii. p. 228. — Mediterranean. 



3. Gadus purpureus, Mitch. Trans. Lit. Sf Phil. Soc. New York, i, p. 370.— 



Merlangus purpureus, Sforer, Fish. Massach. p. l.'3() ; Dekay, New York- 

 Fauna, Fish. p. 286. pi. 45. fig. 147.— Northern United States. 

 .4. Merlangus leptocephalus. Dekay, I. c. p. 288. tab. 45. fig. 146. — New York. 



5. Gadus 'wachna, PnU. Zoogr. Ross.- As. iii. p. 182. — Kanitschatka. 



6. pygmscus, TaU. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 199. — N.W. coast ui" America. 



