2. HipposLossus. 403 



none. The dorsal fin commences above the eye ; all, or nearly all, 

 the rays of the dorsal and anal fins simple. Scales very small, not 

 ciliated. GiU-rakers short, compressed, widely set. 



North Atlantic. (? Coasts of California and Kamtschatka.) 



Bleeker (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sc. Amsterd. xiii. 1862, Pleuron.) 

 divides this genus into two : — 



1. Lateral line curved; the lower pharyngeal teeth in two rows: 



Uippoglossus. 



2. Lateral line not curved; the lower pharyngeal teeth in one 



row : Platysomatichthys. 



1. Lateral line curved. 

 1. Hippoglossus vulgaris. 



The Holibut. Halleflundra. Die Heilbutte. 



Hippoglossus, Rondel, xi. c. 16. p. 325 ; WiUughby, p. 99. tab. F. 6 ; 



Ray, Syn. p. 33; Gesner, pp.669, 787; Aldrov.^ il c. 43. n. 238. 

 Passerum genus majus, Schonev. p. 62. 

 Pleuronectes, sp., Artedi, Synon. p. 31. no. 3, and Ge?i. p. 17. no. 3 ; 



Gronov. Zoophyl. no. 247. 

 Passer, sp., Klein, Pise. Miss. iv. p. 33. no. 2. 

 Helleflynder, Pontop. Norges Nat. Hist, ii. p. 220 ; Strom, Sondm. i. 



p. 300. 

 Pleuronectes liippoglossus, L. Syst. Nat. i p. 456 ; Bl. Fische Detitschl. 



ii. p. 47. tab. 47; Bl. Schn. p. 147; Lac^p. iv. p. 601; Donov. Brit. 



Fish. iv. pi. 75 ; Pall. Zoogr. Ross.- As. iii. p. 421; Ttiri. Brit. Faun. 



p. 95 ; Faher, Fische Isl. p. 148, and. in Isw, 1828, p. 888 ; Gronov. 



Syst. ed. Gray, p. 87. 

 Holibut, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. p. 198, and edit. 1812, iii. p. 302. 

 Fletan, Duham. Peches, ii. sect. ix. p. i*71. pi. 7. fig. 1. 

 Hippoglossus wlg&riSyFlem.Brit.An. p. 199; Jen. Man. p. 460; Yarr. 



Brit. Fish. 2nd edit. ii. p. 321, 3rd edit. i. p. 630 ; Parn. Wern. Mem. 



vii. p. 372, or Fish. Frith of Forth, p. 212 ; Nilss, Skand. Faun. iv. 



p. 631. 



maximus, Gottsche in TViegm. Arch. 1835, p. 16(4. 



? Hippoglossus viUgaris, Ayres, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1859, p. 30. 



B. 7. D. 102-103. A. 74-81, Ceec. pyl. 4. Vert. 16/34. 



Only the posterior dorsal and anal rays are bifid ; the dorsal com- 

 mences above the anterior third of the eye. Extremity of maxillary 

 scaly. The height of the body is one-third of the total length (with 

 the caudal), the length of the head two-ninths. The greatest depth 

 between the anal fin and the lateral line equals the length of the 

 head, without snout. Scales minute, not ciliated ; interorbital space 

 flat, naked, its width being equal to the vertical diameter of the eye. 

 Lateral line with a strong curve above the pectoral, the depth of the 

 curve being one-fourth of its width. Snout rather longer than the 

 eye, the diameter of which is one-sixth or one-seventh of the length 

 of the head. Lower jaw scarcely prominent ; the length of the 

 maxillary is one-third of that of the head. Teeth conical, pointed : 

 upper jaw with two series, convergent posteriorly; the anterior teeth 



2 D 2 



