CHARACINID.&. 279 



b. Dorsal fin rather long (Citharinina *). 

 Each lip with a single series of minute, ciliiform, moveable teeth. 



12. Citharinus, p. 302. 



B. Teeth in both jaws well developed, 

 a. Dorsal Jin short. 

 aa. GUI-opening rather narrow , the gill-membranes being groivn 

 to the isthmus ; nasal openings remote from each other 

 (Anostomatina). 



Teeth flat, serrated, without longitudinal keel in front. 



13. Anostomijo, p. 303. 

 Each tooth with one or two longitudinal keels in front, terminating in points. 



14. Ehytiodus, p. 305. 

 Teeth flattened, subtruncated. not serrated 15. Leporinus, j 306. 



bb. Gill-openings wide, the gill-membranes not being grown to 

 the isthmus ; nasal openings close together. 

 a. Teeth compressed, notched or denticulated (Tetragono- 



PTERINAt). 



aa. Anal fin short 16. Piabucina, p. 311. 



/3j8. Anal fin more or less elongate. 



* Belly rounded in front of the ventrals. 



t Intermaxillary teeth in a double series ; a pair of conical teetli 

 behind the middle of the front series of teeth in the lower jaw. 



Dorsal fin behind the ventrals 17. Alestes, p. 312. 



Dorsal fin above the ventrals 18. Brach yalestes, p. 314. 



tt Intermaxillary teeth in a double series ; no conical posterior 

 mandibulary teeth. 



Gill-rakers setiform ; canine teeth none 19. Tetra gonopterls, p. 317. 



Gill-rakers short, lanceolate ; lateral line continuous. 



20. Scissor p. 331. 

 Teeth very unequal in size ; lateral line interrupted. 



21. PSEUDOCHALCEUS, p. 331. 



ttt Intermaxillarv teeth in a single series. 



22. Chirodon, p. 332. 

 tttt Intermaxillary teeth in a triple series. 



Scales large, unequal in size 23. Chalceus, p. 333. 



Scales equal in size ; a pair of conical teeth behind the middle of the front series 



of teeth in the lower jaw 24. Brycon, p. 333. 



Intermaxillary teeth in three or four series 25. Chalcinopsis, p. 336. 



No conical posterior mandibulary teeth ; anal long. 



26. Bryconops, p. 338. 

 No conical posterior mandibulary teeth ; anal of moderate length. 



27. Creagrutus, p. 339. 



** Belly compressed in front of the ventrals ; canine teeth none. 

 Intermaxillary teeth in a double series ; a pan* of conical teeth behind the middle 

 of the front series of teeth in the lower jaw . . . 28. Chalcinus, p. 340. 



* Coregonus niloticus, Joannis, belongs perhaps to this group: see Appendix, 

 p. 379. 



t To this group appears to belong a genus noticed by Girard, Astyanax, which 

 we shall mention in the Appendix at the end of this family (p. 380). 



