13. anostomus. 303 



Fourth Group. ANOSTOMATINA. 



Characinidse with an adipose fin and a short dorsal, with the 

 teeth in both jaws well developed, with the gill-membranes grown 

 to the isthmus, and with the nasal openings remote from each 

 other. 



South America. 



13. ANOSTOMUS. 



Anostomus, Gronov. Miis. Ichth. ii. p. 13, and Syst. ed. Gray, p. 153, 

 Schizodon, Agass. in Spix, Pise. Bras. p. GG. 



Dorsal fin placed in the middle of the length of the body, above 

 the ventrals ; anal short. Body oblong, covered with scales of 

 moderate size. Belly rounded. Cleft of the mouth small ; inter- 

 maxillary and mandible with a single series of fixed, flat, serrated 

 incisors ; palate toothless. Nostrils remote from each other : the 

 posterior open, the anterior with a small tube. Gill-openings rather 

 narrow, the gill-membrane being grown to the isthmus, without free 

 hinder edge. 



South America, east of the Andes. 



1. Anostomus salmoneus. 



Anostomus, Gronov. Mus. Ichth. ii. p. 13. tab. 7. fig. 2 ; JMiill. 8c Trosch. 



Hor. Ichth. i. p. 10. 

 Salmo anostomus, L. Syst. Nat. i. p. 514. 

 Leporinus anostomus, Cuv. 8; Val. xxii. p. 38. 

 Anostomus salmoneus, Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 153. 



D. 11. A. 10. V. 9. L. lat. 39. L. transv. 4/4. 



The length of the head is more than the height of the body, and 

 one-fourth of the total (without caudal) ; cleft of the mouth directed 

 upwards, with the lower jaw strongly projecting. Back with alter- 

 nating yellowish and brown longitudinal streaks ; sides yellowish, 

 with a broad brown band running from the extremity of the snout 

 through the eye to tho caudal fin ; belly with a brownish band on 

 each side. 



British Guiana. 



a. Young. Essequibo. From Mr. Ehrhardt's Collection. 



2. Anostomus vittatus. 



Piabuca vittata, Cuv. 8/ Val. xxii. p. 115; Casteln. Anim. Amir. Sud, 

 Poiss. p. G4. pi. 32. fig. 1. 



D. 11. A. 9. V. 10. L. lat. 45. 



A blackish streak runs along the middle of the tail ; trunk with 

 three transverse band-like spots. The lower jaw projects beyond 

 the upper. 



Rio Araguay. 



