41. DISTICHODTTS. 359 



0. The dorsal fin commences above the anal : Cynodoti, Spix. 



2. Cynodon vulpinus. 



Cynodon vulpinus, Spix, Pise. Bras. tab. 26 ; Cuv. fy Vol. xxii. p. 329 ; 



Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1860, xviii. p. 55; Casteln. Anim. 



Amer. Sud, Poiss. pi. 39. fig. 1. 

 Raphiodon vulpinus, Agass. in Spix, Pise. Bras. p. 76. 

 Hydropardus . Reinh. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. Kjobenh. 



1849, p. 



B. 5. D. 12. A. 48. P. 17. V. 8. 



The height of the body is one-fifth of the total length, with or 

 without the caudal. Dorsal fin commencing behind the origin of the 

 anal ; ventrals very small*. Uniform silvery. 



Brazil. 



3. Cynodon gibbus. 



Cynodon gibbus, Spix, Pise. Bras. tab. 27 ; Cuv. 8f Val. xxii. p. 333 ; 



Kner, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1860, xviii. p. 54. 

 Raph'odon gibbus, Agass. in Spix, Pise. Bras. p. 77. 



B. 5. D. 12. A. 82. P. 17. V. 8. 



The greatest depth of the body is one-fourth of the total length 

 (with the caudal) ; the profile above the eyes is concave. The dorsal 

 and anal fins commence nearly in the same vertical ; ventrals small. 

 A round black spot behind the gill-opening. 



Brazil. 



Seventh Group. DISTICHODONTINA. 



Characinidae with an adipose fin and with the dorsal rather 

 elongate, with the gill-membranes attached to the isthmus, and 

 with the beUy rounded. 



Tropical Africa. 



41. DISTICHODUS. 



Distichodus, Mull, ty Trosch. Jfor. Ichth. i. p. 12. 



Dorsal fin rather long, placed in the middle of the length of the 

 body, above the ventrals ; anal of moderate length ; caudal and adi- 

 pose fins covered with small scales. Body oblong, covered with 

 small scales. Belly rounded. Cleft of the mouth transverse, small ; 

 intermaxillary and mandible with a series of flattish bicuspid in- 

 cisors ; there is generally another series of smaller similar teeth 

 behind the front series ; palate toothless. Nostrils close together, 

 with a valve between them, overlapping the posterior. Gill-openings 

 of moderate width, the gill-membranes being attached to the isthmus, 

 having a free hinder edge along nearly their entire extent. 



Tropical Africa. 



* One or two are accidentally entirely absent. 



