MUSTELA MARTES. 75 



Mustcia martes, Briss. Quad. 1756, 247, no. 8.—L. Fn. Suec. 2d ed. 1761, 6, no. 15 ; S. X., 10th 

 ed. 1758, 46, no. 5; i. 1766, 67, no. e.—Milll Zool. Dan. Prod. 1776, 3, no. U.—Erxl. Syst. 

 1777, 455, no. 4.—Schreb. Siiug. iii. 1778, 475, pi. VSO.—Zimm. Geol. Gesch. ii, 1780, 303, 

 no. I91.—Herm. Obs. Zool. 45.— Wildung. Tasch. 1800, 24, pi. 3.—Gm. S. N. i. 1788, 95, no. 



S.—Bechst. Natarg. Deutschl. i. , '!^9.— Yielol. Mem. Soc. Xat. Mosc. i. 1806, 249 (hy- 



bridity with cat).— Titrt. S. X. i. 1806, 59.— Pall. Zoog. i. 1811, 85.— Destn. Mamm. i. 

 1820, 181, no. 280 ; Ency. Metb. pi. 81, f. 4.—Fr. Cuv. Mamm. iii. livr. 62 ; Diet. Sci. Nat. 

 xxix.255, flg.l.— Geo/. Diet. Cla9S.x.209.— Less. Mam. 1827, UB.—Fisch. Syn. 1829, 214.— 

 Jenym, Brit. Yert. 1835, 11.— Siem.-Piet. Arch. Naturg. 1839, •251.— Keys. <& Bias. Wirb. 

 Eur. i. 1840, ei.—Selys-L. Fn. Belg. 1842, 8.—Blainv. Compt. Kend. xiv. 1842, p. 210 

 seq. pis.; Osteogr. 1842, —.—Bark. N". Act. Leop. xxv. 1843, 660.— Schim, Syn. 1844, 



35.— Bp. Fn. Ital. iv. f. —.— Gieb. Fn. Vorw. Saug. , 56 ; Odout. , 33 ; Saug. 1855, 



'n4.—Hensel, Arch. Xaturg. xix. 1853, 11.— Brandt, Bern. Wirb. Nord. Eur. Ru8sl. 23; 

 Beit. Kennt. Saug. Russl. i. 1855, pi. W.—Midd. Sib. Saug. 69, pi. 2, i.—.—Schrenck., 



Eeise Amurl. , m.—Blas. Wirb. Deutschl. 1857, 213, f. 121. 122.— Jackel, Zool. Gart. 



xiv. 1873, 457 (albino). 



Mustela martes var. abletum, L. S. N. i. 1766, 67. 



Viverra martes, Shaiv, G. Z. i. 1800, 4io. 



Martes sylvatica, ^'ilss. Skand. Fn. {Martes sylvestris Gesn.). 



Mustela vulgaris, Grif. Cuv. E. A. v. 1827, 123. no. 349. 



Harder, Riding. Abbild. Thiere. 1740, pi. 19.— 2full. Samml. iii. , 515 ; Naturs. 1773, 267.— 



Martens, Zool. Gart. xi, 1870, p. 254 (philological).— Germrtn. 



Martre, Charlev. Nouv. France, iii. 1744, 134.— French. 



Baummarder, Roller, Naturg. Vierf. Th. 1757, 451.— German. 



Marte, Briss. I. c. Buff. Hist. Nat. vii. 186, pi. 22.— Bom. Diet. iii. 1763, [M.— French. 



Marte commune, Ouv. R. A. i. 149. 



Marter, Routt. Nat. Hist. Dieren, ii. 1761, 193.— Belgic. 



Maar, Pontopp. Dan. i. 1763, 610.— Danish. 



Martora, Scatag. An. Quad, ii, pi. 69. (from BaEon) .—Italian. 



Feldmarder, Mart. Buff. Vierf. Th. iv. 156. 



Edelmarder, Germ. 



Mart a, Spanish. 



Mard, Swedish. 



Martln,|Fe?m. Syn. Quad. 1771, 215, no. 154 ; Brit. Zool. 38, fig. 



Pine marten. Sweet Marten, Yellow-breasted Mar ten, -Bnglish. 



Descr\])t}on of the skull and teeth of Al. martes. 

 (See Plate III.) 



The skull and teeth of M, martes may be described in general term.s to 

 illustrate this part of the structure of the genus, and to serve as a standard 

 of comparison for the other closely related species. The points in which they 

 specially differ from that of Putorius are elsewhere summed. The skull 

 indicates considerable strength, particularly in the rostral portions, where it 

 is massive (still it is not so strong relatively as in either G-ulo or Putorius); 

 the cranial part is thinner, and usually gives indication of the cerebral folds 

 within. Most of the sutures are early obliterated ; those of the nasals, bullae 

 auditoriie, and zygomatic processes of squamosal and malar are the last to 

 disappear. The nasals persist separate from each other long after they fuse 

 wdth the maxillaries. 



The zygomatic width of the skull is more than half its length ; these 

 arches are upright, but are borne well away from the skull by the outward 

 obliquity of their roots, both fore and aft. From an egg-shape cerebral 

 part, the skull tapers to a decided postorbital constriction ; this is approxi- 

 mately of the same (more or less) width as the rostral part. The cerebral 

 part is rather broader than high. The upper profile of the skull is slightly 



