16 BRITISH BIRDS. [vol. x. 



Grey Wagtail {Motacilla c. cinerea). 



Adults. — Complete moult from July to September. In 

 February and March there is a moult involving the body- 

 feathers and usually the innermost secondaries and central 

 tail-feathers, but not usually the rest of the wings and tail, 

 though rarely the whole tail and a good many inner wing- 

 coverts are moulted. In winter the sexes do not greatly 

 differ, the female being only slightly more huffish on the 

 upper-breast and slightly paler yellow on the belly. In 

 summer the male acquires a black chin and throat with 

 broad white malar stripes and the breast becomes yellow 

 like the belly. The female is never so black on the chin and 

 throat, which are usually a mixture of white, black, and dull 

 yellow. 



Juvenile. — The crown and mantle are greyish-brown 

 instead of slate-grey as in the adult, the eye-stripe, chin, 

 throat and upper-breast are pale buff with a few greyish-black 

 mottlings on the sides of the throat, the rest of the Ibreast and 

 belly are very pale yellow and the imder tail-coverts brighter 

 yellow, the fringes and tips of all the wing-coverts are buff. 



First winter. — The juvenile body-feathers, lesser and 

 median wing-coverts and usually greater wing-coverts, 

 innermost secondaries and central pair of tail-feathers are 

 moulted from July to September, but not the primary- 

 coverts nor the rest of the wing- and tail-feathers. The 

 male and female in this plumage are more brownish on the 

 upper-parts than the adult, and the upper-breast is more 

 buff even than in the adult female, while the belly is very 

 pale yellow and often whitish. First summer. — Moult as 

 adult. The male becomes like the adult, but it is probable 

 that those females with the chin and throat white or yellowish- 

 white without any black are first summer birds. 



Pied Wagtail (Motacilla a. luguhris). 



Adults. — Complete moult from August to November. 

 There is a moult from January to March which involves the 

 body-plumage and often the lesser wing-coverts, some inner 

 greater and median wing-coverts, some innermost secondaries 

 and the central tail-feathers, but not the primary-coverts 

 nor the rest of the wing- and tail-feathers. In winter the 

 mantle of the adult male has some dark grey feathers mixed 

 with the black, while the adult female usually has more 

 grey than the male and also has less dark flanks, and the 

 wing-feathers and wing-coverts are tinged with brownish 

 and are not so pure black. In summer, while the male has 



