VOL. X.] MOULTS OF BRITISH PASSERES. 1 7 



practically the whole upper-parts jet black with only a few 

 dark grey feathers here and there, the female has more 

 dark grey and also the black of the breast does not extend 

 so far down. 



Juvenile. — There is a narrow dark or blackish line across 

 the fore-head and down the sides of the crown, otherwise 

 the crown, like the mantle and back, is grey tinged with 

 buftish-brown, the rump is sooty brown-black, but the upper 

 tail-coverts are more glossy black like the adult, the lores, 

 line over eyes and ear-coverts are dull buffish-white, mottled 

 with dark smoke, the chin and throat are also dull white, 

 many of the feathers, especially on the sides, being tipped 

 with sooty brown-black, the crescentic breast-band is also 

 sooty brown-black and the breast and flanks are smoke-grey, 

 while the rest of the under-parts are duller white than in 

 adults. 



First winter. — The juvenile body-feathers, lesser wing- 

 coverts, most median and inner greater coverts, and some 

 innermost secondaries are moulted from August to October, 

 but not the primary-coverts nor the rest of the wing- and 

 tail-feathers. The male differs from the adult male in being 

 tinged with yellowish on the fore-head, ear-coverts and some- 

 times the chin and throat ; the fore-head is also usually 

 mottled with black, the back of the crown often has some 

 grey feathers amongst the black ones, the mantle is dark 

 grey slightly tinged with olivaceous, and has less black in 

 it than the adult female in winter, the wing-feathers and 

 wing-coverts are browner and have duller white edges and 

 tips. The first winter female is very difficult to distinguish 

 satisfactorily from the first winter male, but the crown has 

 usuall}^ more grey in it and the mantle often has no black 

 at all. First summer. — Moult as in adults, but some inner- 

 most secondaries, a good many greater and median wing- 

 coverts and the central tail-feathers are more regularly 

 moulted than in the adults, while rarely the whole tail is 

 moulted. The first summer male is indistinguishable from 

 the adult female in summer, except that its wing-feathers 

 and the unmoulted wing-coverts are much browner. The 

 first summer female is very similar, but has a greyer mantle 

 usually with very little black. 



White Wagtail (M. a. alba). 



Moults as in the Pied Wagtail. 



Adult male. Winter. — Much like the first winter male 

 Pied Wagtail, but the mantle and scapulars purer and paler 

 grey and never with black, the sides of the breast and flanks 



