130 BRITISH BIRDS. [vol. x. 



Juvenile. — ^Fore-head whitish, rest of upper-parts brown- 

 grey (not blue-grey as adult) and the feathers barred with 

 dark brown, the luider-parts white to pale cream, with the 

 flanks and under tail-coverts faintly barred, the wing-coverts 

 tipped with buffish-white. Sexes apparently alike. 



First winter. — The juvenile body-feathers are moulted 

 in autumn, but not the wing-coverts, wing- or tail-feathers, 

 and frequently a number of juvenile body-feathers are 

 retained. The male in first winter has only a few black 

 feathers on the fore-head (sometimes none), is brownish-grey 

 on the upper-parts, and has a creamy, instead of pinkish, 

 tinge on the imder-parts. The female is much the same, 

 but has no black on the fore-head, and is broAvner grey on the 

 upper-parts. 



First summer. — In February and March a complete 

 moult takes place, all the wing- and tail-feathers being 

 involved instead of the body-feathers onl}" as in the adult. 

 After this moult the birds become indistinguishable from 

 the adults, except that the male has a feA\' grey feathers on 

 the fore-head. 



Great Grey Shrike (Lanius e. excuhitor). 



Adults. — Complete moult from Sej^tember to November, 

 the wing- and tail-feathers often commencing as early as 

 July. From March to May (sometimes Jime) there is a 

 moult confined to the body-feathers. In the male the 

 winter and summer phnnages are the same. In winter the 

 female frequently has faint wavy brown bars on the breast, 

 but many examples are indistinguishable from males. After 

 the spring moult the bars on the breast are usualh' absent, 

 or when present are very faint. 



Juvenile. — ^Upper-parts grey washed with brown, the hind 

 part of crown, naj)e, rump and upper tail-coverts usually 

 with dark brown wavy bars, but these are sometimes absent, 

 the imder-parts are white washed brownish, with faint brown 

 wavy bars on the breast and flanks, and fewer on the chin 

 and throat, the innermost secondaries and greater coverts 

 are tipped with broAmish instead of white and the median 

 coverts are dark brown A\ith tips of greyish-brown speckled 

 with dark brown, instead of all black as in the adult, the 

 lesser coverts are greyish -brown speckled with dark brown 

 instead of grey with lilaek bases as in the adult. The sexes 

 are alike. 



First winter. — The juvenile body-feathers, innermost 

 secondaries, lesser and median wing-coverts and inner greater 



