284 HIilTlSH BIRDS. [vol x. 



First Winter.- No examples in moult and no males in 

 winter plumage seen. The first winter and summer female 

 appears to be like the adult female. 



First Summer. The male resembles the adult, but the 

 mantle and scapulars are not so jet-black and there are 

 usually some brownish or greyish feathers on the upper-parts, 

 whereas in the adult summer male of this Flycatcher there 

 are no such feathers as there are in the Pied Flycatcher. The 

 nuchal collar of the first summer male is sometimes indistinct 

 and mixed with gre}'. The white forehead spot (always larger 

 than in the Pied Flycatcher) varies in size individually and 

 not according to age. The primaries are browner than in 

 the adult and the 2ncl to 4th only occasionally have white 

 on their outer webs, while the 5th sometimes has none, and 

 the rest have less white than in the adult. The secondaries 

 are browner than in the adult except the innermost four 

 (exceptionally five) which are newly moulted and like the 

 adult. The primary-coverts and outer greater coverts are 

 brown and old while the rest of the wing-coverts are new 

 and like the adult. Judging by the new feathers it would 

 seem that the moult from winter to summer plumage affects 

 the same parts as in the Pied Flycatcher. 



Red-breasted Flycatcher {Muscicajpa p. parva.) 



Adults. — Complete moult in August and September. 

 From February to April a partial moult takes place, the 

 feathers of the chin, throat and breast, crown and some of 

 the other body-feathers being renewed, but many of the 

 body -feathers are not moulted nor are those of the wing- 

 co verts, wings or tail. The winter and summer plumages 

 are alike and at both seasons the female differs from the 

 male in having the crown brown without a grejdsh tinge, 

 the ear-coverts and sides of neck pale brown instead of grey 

 and the chin, throat and upper-breast buff instead of orange. 



Juvenile. — Somewhat resembling the adult female but 

 the feathers of the upper-parts with rufous-buff centres and 

 narrow dark brown edgings giving a spotted appearance. 

 The chin and throat are pale buft but the breast is of a 

 deeper and more yellowish buff and the feathers are lightly 

 tipped with dusky-brown. The innermost secondaries have 

 small, and the greater and median coverts larger, rufous- 

 buff sjjots at their tips. 



First Winter. — The juvenile body -feathers, lesser and 

 most of the median wing-coverts are moulted in August but 

 not the rest of the wing-coverts nor the wing- or tail-feathers 



