HEAD AND NECK OF THE HORSE 



137 



ever, there is an important side-to-side movement associated with the 

 extensive flattened grinding surfaces of the cheek-teeth. During this 

 movement one condyloid process undergoes little more than a small 

 amount of rotation. The other condyloid process moves backwards 

 and forwards in the short arc of a circle, the centre of which is in the 

 opposite condyloid process. Protrusion and retraction of the jaw, 

 without any rotation or lateral movement, may also take place. 



Dissection. — Remove the mamlible and examine the hard palate. 



Incisive papilla. 



Palatine folds.. 



Raphe. 



Soft palate.- 



Fiu. 59. — The hard palate. 



The hard palate (Palatum durum). — The hard palate consists of 

 a dense mucous membrane, with a very vascular deep layer (especially 

 well developed in the anterior part), attached to the periosteum of the 

 palatine, maxillary and incisive bones. Laterally and anteriorly it is 

 continuous with the gums, while on a level with the last cheek-tooth it 

 merges into the soft palate. 



A median longitudinal groove (raphe palati), which ends in front at 

 a flattened four-sided incisor papilla (papilla incisiva), divides the 

 surface of the palate into right and left halves. Each half carries from 

 17 to 19 curved transverse palatini te folds (plicas palatinse transversse) 



