CONTENTS 



CHAPTER I 



NOTES ON THE QUESTIONS OF PROTECTIVE COLORATION, 

 RECOGNITION MARKS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRON- 

 MENT ON LIVING ORGANISMS 



Harmony of colour in nature — Theory of protective coloration — Sexual 

 selection — Conspicuous colours not harmful — The influence of environ- 

 ment — The leucoryx — The Barbary sheep — The Sardinian moufflon — 

 African butterflies — Coloration of the musk ox and caribou — Arctic hares 

 and foxes — Coloration of mammals in the Yukon Territory — The 

 chamois in winter — Examples of conspicuous coloration in African 

 mammals— Colour not always protective — Carnivorous animals usually 

 hunt by scent — Wild dogs and wolves — Wild dog and sable antelope — 

 Sense of smell in herbivorous animals— Sight of antelopes — Experience 

 with waterbuck — Dull sight of caribou — Demeanour of wild animals 

 when alarmed — Small antelopes — Lions — Large antelopes — Difficulty 

 of seeing wild animals sometimes exaggerated — Powers of sight of 

 Bushmen — Colour not protective against animals which hunt by night 

 and by scent — Animals in motion easy to see — Restlessness of wild 

 animals — Lions attacking bullocks — Zebras the principal prey of lions 

 since the disappearance of buff"aIoes — Appearance of zebras — Undoubtedly 

 conspicuous animals in open country — Zebras by moonlight — Strong 

 smell of zebras— Conspicuous antelopes in East Africa — Effect of 

 the juxtaposition of black and white — Bold coloration of the sable 

 antelope Pages 1-23 



CHAPTER H 



FURTHER NOTES ON THE QUESTIONS OF PROTECTIVE COLORA- 

 TION, RECOGNITION MARKS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF 

 ENVIRONMENT ON LIVING ORGANISMS 



Occasional resemblance of African mammals to natural objects — Hartebeests 

 — Elephants — Giraffes — Coloration of the Somali giraffe — Giraff'es not 

 in need of a protective coloration — Koodoos and sable antelopes — Acute 

 sense of hearing in the moose — Possible explanation of large size of 

 ears in the African tragelaphine antelopes — Coloration of bushbucks, 



