THE BOOK OF POULTRY. 



heated flues, and only radiates heat from above 

 the chicks. 



The type shown in Fig. 58 may be regarded 

 as in some degree a simplified form of the fore- 

 going, and in various modifications is rather 



Fig. 5S. — Hot Radiating Chamber. 



common. Here the heat from the lamp L 

 ascends direct through a sheet-iron drum or 

 large flue D, into a flat, extended hot-air chamber 

 above, from which it escapes through an upper 

 flue not in line with the lower one, so that the 

 heat may be more effectual before escape. The 

 chick-chamber is thus heated partly from the 

 drum D as a centre, but chiefly from the top ; and 

 round the drum D is usually fixed at a little 

 distance a wire-gauze guard G, to keep the chicks 

 from touching the hot sheet-iron. 



Still further simplification is effected in what 

 may be called the " radiator " type, which is 

 perhaps most common of all. Here the heat 

 passes up a flue D as before, usually smaller, 

 but protected as before by a wire guard G, 

 and straight up through the e.xit flue. But in 



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Fig 59- — Flue and Radiator. 



metallic connection with the central flue is the 

 radiator R, a circular disk of sheet-iron, extending 

 over the top of the chick-chamber C H, and 

 which is also continued through the flue itself as 

 a perforated sheet at E, thus " choking " the flue 

 there, and absorbing heat from the lamp. Thus 



the radiator becomes heated, and radiates 

 warmth downwards as before (Fig. 59). 



Finally, in some brooders, the central drum 

 or flue D in the above is entirely done away with, 

 and we have merely a lamp in the centre, pro- 

 tected by a wire guard G, as in Fig. 60. We 

 give this diagram in a form that represents 

 a well-known type of brooder, where the 

 wire guard G is somewhat narrowed in at the 

 top to direct the lamp fumes into the flue above, 

 and on the top of it rests a sheet-iron disk or 

 radiator R, perforated in the centre to allow the 



Fig. 60. — Central Lamp. 



hot air to pass upwards, as in the preceding 

 figure. Here the sides of the chick-chamber 

 C H are circular and of porous material, which is 

 the special feature of this brooder, but the other 

 parts of this arrangement are very common. 

 There is a difference of opinion about the advis- 

 ability of the light from the lamp thus reaching 

 the chick-chamber at all times. It is said, on 

 the one hand, that the chicks can thus " see to 

 feed." We do not think it desirable, but very 

 much the other way, that chicks should be accus- 

 tomed to feed at all within the zvanned portion 

 of the brooder ; we rather want to get them out 

 on every possible occasion, which is defeated if 

 we at all accustom them to expect food there. 

 Of more importance, probably, is the fact that 

 Nature has very evidently arranged darkness for 

 the period of sleep ; and we therefore believe 

 that light at an unnatural time must levy some 

 tax upon the nervous energy of those subjected 

 to it. On that account we think this type 

 inferior to the preceding, to which it can be 

 readily converted by any who possess it and 

 who share our views : it is only needful to intro- 

 duce a dark drum, such as a tin canister with 

 the ends removed, inside the wire guard. 



Another occasional modification of both 

 these types requires a few words. in America, 

 more often than in England, a short curtain ot 

 cloth, cut at the bottom into strips, is often 

 attached to the circumference of the circular 

 radiating plate, as shown later in Fig. 61. This 



