334 TABANID^ 



(this character is more complete in H. pluvialis than in the others, while it 

 is completely absent in H. italica and H. Bigoti ?), and there is usually a 

 vague indication of a moderately large ocellus beginning just after the middle 

 of the discal cell and continuing vaguely in the fourth posterior cell and then 

 turning up just outside the discal cell and inten-uptedly returning along the 

 lower part of the first posterior cell to its starting-point, or a larger incom- 

 plete ocellus can be traced outside this one ; altogether the hyaline markings 

 are of a less large and bold character than in //. crassicornis. Squamae 

 rather large, greyish brown with a dark brown margin to the alar pair and 

 a brown margin to the thoracal pair, while both pairs have a short incon- 

 spicuous grey fringe which develops into a not very conspicuous longer light 

 grey tuft on the alar pair near the angle ; alar pair extending about half- 

 way across the thoracal pair when the wings are partially raised. Halteres 

 with a brown or dark brown knob on a dull pale yellow stem. 



$ . In general resembling the male. Frons occupying fully one-third the width 

 of the head and very slightly widening from the occiput to the antennae, 

 yellowish grey with a large shining black callus right across the lower (quarter 

 down to the furrow which separates the frons from the cheeks, and in profile 

 this black callus is raised; there are also two large roundish dull velvety 

 black spots a little above the shining black callus which are separated from 

 each other by more than their own diameter but by less than half their 

 diameter from the eyes (sometimes touching them) and from the black callus ; 

 still higher up right on the middle of the grey part of the frons is a small 

 black spot or dot which may be the only trace of a vertical space or of ocelli ; 

 the shining black callus loops up a little about its middle and rounds ofi" a 

 little at the upper angles near the eyes and extends downwards between the 

 antenn£e, but the upper rims of the antennal pits are greyish orange ; the 

 black parts of the frons are bare, but the grey part bears moderate rather 

 inconspicuous sloping pubescence (shorter than in the other two species) 

 which (when viewed sideways) appears mostly pale and rather conspicuously 

 so just above and beloAV the dull black spots, but is to a large extent black on 

 all the middle part. Face yellowish ashy grey or pale grey, widening out 

 rapidly under the eyes, and the cheeks and jowls of almost equal width almost 

 as far as the back of the eyes, though the jowl part retreats rather flatly and 

 is almost half as wide as the depth of the eyes ; the front (or upper) half of the 

 side-cheeks dotted with black spots which hardly crowd together or coalesce ; 

 epistoma pale greyish but with a small black spot on each side close to the 

 cheeks in addition to the black pit on each side lower down. Face, cheeks, 

 jowls, etc., all clothed with abundairt rather long yellowish white pubescence, 

 and that on the jowls mixing with the longer but similar pubescence on the 

 prothorax ; back of the head yellowish grey on a distinct though narrow 

 postocular margin, and with a short dense rather brownish yellow ciliation (just 

 1 )ehind the bare eye-rim) which does not become any longer on the upper part 

 and which becomes inconspicuous and sparse behind the vertex ; actual back 

 of the head dark ashy grey and hollowed out. Palpi apparently orange but 

 obscured by dense whitish dust and sometimes with a slight l)lackish hue out- 

 side about the middle of the second joint, while the 

 blackish hue is more pronounced under the white dust of 

 the basal joint ; palpi porrect, second joint usually not at 

 all, but sometimes distinctly, drooping, bearing outside 

 some small black bristles on the apical two-thirds, and 

 with longer pale hairs above and below and about the 

 base, but with all the inside bare ; basal joint bearing 

 rather long pale pubescence. Eyes (when seen side- 

 ways) almost as long as deep, rather flattened below ; 

 Fig. 22a.— iiyimatopota pubescence short, sparse, and inconspicuous ; in life 

 (Left eye^in Fife ^^S- ^^"^^ brilliant green on the two middle gTeen bands, 



more brownish tinged on the upper one and I'eddish on 

 the lower one, with five brownish purple bands, of which the uppermost and 

 lowermost occupy the top and the l)ottom margins, while the second and fourth 

 are zig-zagged all across with two deep dentations inwards about the middle (or 

 rather more towards the front) ; the middle dark band isolated, starting from 



