2. TABANUS 401 



distinguished from T. hovinus at a glance by the testaceous colour of its 

 abdomen ! It is recorded from Kiel through all Western and Middle 

 Europe to the Ural. The males are said to hover and swarm in the 

 highest mountain tops before sunrise. 



Synonymy. — Probably all the old Scotch records of T. hovinus referred to this 

 species. I do not agree with the suggestion that this is the true T. hovinus of Linne 

 and have given my reasons in my synonymical notes upon that species. 



12. T. autumnalis Linne. Eyes unicolorous, with the front facets 

 much enlarged in the male. Abdomen with three rows of dorsal spots. 

 Large species. 



A very large conspicuous fly, but not so large as T. hovinus 

 or T. sudeticus and easily distinguished from them by the three 

 rows of dorsal abdominal spots. 



(J . Frontal triangle pale greyish yellow, obscurely darkened in the top point and 

 usually with a slightly darkened band just before that ; face also pale greyish 

 yellow, with rather short fine indistinctly but mainly blackish pubescence on 

 the side-cheeks and with light yellow pubescence on the middle part and also 

 (though longer) on the jowls ; back of the head pale greyish yellow, shall oav 

 on the lower part but hollowed out on the upper part, and with a minute 

 pale postocular ciliation, but the longish pubescence behind the extreme 

 lower part similar to that on the jowls ; ocellar triangle very smallj 

 obscurely brownish, and the postvertical pubescence pale and short. Palpi 

 light yellow, bare on the inner side but extensively clothed about the tip with 

 numerous black bristles and bristly hairs and with yellow hairs on the rest ; 

 end-joint elongate ovate, more than twice as long as deep, with a rather pointed 

 tip and a not quite even underside ; basal joint dull pale yellow with long 

 abundant pale yellow pubescence. Eyes bare, and in life without any 

 band ; facets very much enlarged on all the central portion of the combined 

 eyes and in dead specimens brownish there, while the abruptly smaller facets 

 appear blackish and occupy nearly the lower half of the eyes and extend in a 

 broad band (about one-fifch the width of the eye) up the back margin 

 quite to the vertex, so that the small facets occupy considerably the 

 major portion of the eyes ; in certain lights there is a greenish tinge on 

 the small facets and even an evasive dark band may occur along their 

 upper margin. Antennae mainly dull blackish brown, but sometimes 

 yellowish brown on the inside of the basal joints and even beneath the base 

 of the third joint ; basal joint greyish with the upper side blackish, 

 produced at the tip, and bearing short black bristles on the upper and inner 

 sides, but with pale hairs on the outer and lower sides ; second joint short, 

 rather produced at the tip above, and bearing very short dense black bristles ; 

 third joint with a conspicuous rather pointed dorsal hump near the base, and 

 with its basal segment about one and a half times as long as the style-like 

 portion and nearly twice as long as its own depth (including the hump) ; 

 style-like portion with three short nearly equal rings and a moderately 

 pointed longer terminal segment ; crown of the hump with some very short 

 black bristles. 



Thorax broAvnish black, slightly shining, and with traces of five 

 lighter grey dull lines ; prsealar calli obscurely brownish orange ; pubes- 

 cence fairly abundant on the disc, composed of dense fine sloping Avhitish 

 grey or broAvnish yelloAv pubescence (easily Avorn ofi") mixed Avith numerous 

 more conspicuous erect black hairs, but in front and on the sides the 

 pubescence is greyish white or brownish grey, becoming conspicuous 

 and rather yelloAvish on the tuft outside the postalar calli; pleur^ with 

 longer light greyish pubescence but with numerous black hairs intermixed on 

 nearly all the disc of the mesopleurse, and with a patch of longer crowded 



2 c 



