422 TABANID.E 



PANGONINiE. 

 Hind tibiae with apical spurs. 



Face often produced snout-like. Ocelli usually present. Proboscis sometimes 

 porrect and then sometimes exceedingly long (Fangonia) ; palpi sometimes very 

 long and thin. Eyes in life brilliant liquid green (with purple spots or markings^ in 

 Chrysops) ; anterior or superior facets in the male often enlarged. _ Antennae varying 

 from an absence of a dorsal hump near the base of the third joint to that hump 

 being exaggerated into a long process {Dicrania, Dichelacera). 



Abdomen often with conspicuous orange markings, which are sometimes 

 (Chrysops) more extended in the female. 



Legs with apical spurs on the hind (as well as the middle) tibi^. " Touch-hairs " 

 often indistinct, but sometimes dense and almost brush-like. 



Wings showing more variation in venation than in the Tabanince, as the first 

 posterior cell is often closed and sometimes even a long distance before the wing- 

 margin, while the fourth posterior cell is sometimes contracted ; small cross-vein 

 sometimes almost absent. 



The females are usually blood-suckers, but I believe the species of this subfamily 

 are more attracted by flowers than are those of the Tabanince, 



The only fully recognised character for distinguishing this subfamily 



lies in the presence of apical spurs on the hind tibise. The Pangonince are 



however less homogeneous than the Tabanincv. and seldom possess the 



square-built robust figure of the latter, while the frequently very long 



porrect proboscis is very distinctive. The subfamily may be a rather 



unnatural one, but is very convenient for dividing the great mass of 



Tabanidce. 



3. CHRYSOPS. 



Chrysops Meigen, Illig. Mag., ii., 267 (1803). 



Handsome middle-sized rather hairy flies of mainly blackish 

 colour, with usually yellow abdominal markings, and with 

 conspicuously banded wings. 



Face (fig. 242) arched under the antennae, moderately broad but extending only a 

 little under the eyes, and with large shining black facial, oral, and buccal callosities, 

 which sometimes more or less coalesce ; below each of the facial calli is a deep 

 pit on the side of the middle part of the face ; face with fairly long but not dense 

 pubescence ; frons of the male small, triangular, and quite bare, of the female broad 

 and bearing on the fore part a large shining black callus ; three ocelli present. 

 Proboscis considex'ably produced and with rather large sucker-flaps ; palpi about half 

 as long as the proboscis and lying against it in the female, or directed rather upward 



in the male. Eyes touching in the male for about 

 the middle third of the distance between the 

 occiput and the antennae, bare in all the British 

 species ; in life brilliant golden, coppery, or blue 

 green (whence the generic name), with purplish or 

 rich brownish spots and hindmargin, and these 

 markings following distinct arrangements (figs. 

 241, -3, -5, -7, -9); facets on the upper part enlarged 

 -piQ.izz.— Chrysops ccBcutiens s. x 21. in the male. Antennae (fig. 238) much longer than 



the head ; basal joint dilated but only a little 

 longer than the second, and both clothed with black hairs ; third joint bare and 

 vipturned at the tip, rather longer than the two basal ones together, subulate, and 

 with five fairly distinct annulations of which the first is long and is itself faintly 

 annulated, but the last four are short, and the apical one is blunt at the tip and 

 bears no trace of an apical style. 



Thorax almost quadrangular with the angles rounded oft'; pubescence fairly 

 abundant especially towards the sides ; pleurae conspicuously pubescent on the upper 



