444 NEMESTRINID.E 



CeUs. 



1 Costal {or mediastinal) cell. 



2 Subcostal cell. 



3 Marginalcell. 



4 Submarginal cell. 



4a Second submarginal {or cubital) cell {or cvhital foi^h-cell). 



5 First posterior {or suhapical) cell. 



6 Discal cell. 



6a Second posterior cell. 



6b Third posterior cell. 



6"= Fourth posterior cell, 



7 Postical {or bth jjosterior) cell {or 2)ostical fork-cell). 



8 Axillary cell. 



9a Upper {or 1st) basal cell. 

 9^ Second {or middle) basal cell. 

 9" Anal {or 3rd basal) cell. 

 10 Alula. 



Notes on the Venation of the Nemestrinid.^ 



The venation is very characteristic and cannot by any possibility be confounded 

 with that of any other family. The chief peculiarities lie m (1) the long Mediastinal 

 and Subcostal Veins ; (2) the Parallelism to the hindmargin of numerous veins ; 

 (3) the position and the absence or smallness of the Discal Cross-vein, and the 

 consequently very long Upper Basal Cell : (4) the peculiarly shaped Discal Cell and 

 its Veinlets, and (5) the " Diagonal Vein. 



1. The Mediastinal and Subcostal Veins are much longer than in any other 

 family of the Eremoch^ta. 



2. The Outer Veins are very much elongated and slope out towards the tip of 

 the wing, so that the upper branch of the postical fork and the veinlets arising from 

 the upper branch of the discal vein run for a long way almost parallel with the 

 posterior margin. 



3. The Discal Cross -vein is sometimes apparently absent, there being 

 normally only a single small connecting link between the anterior and posterior 

 parts of the venation, and this connection takes place near the end of the discal cell, 

 so that the Upper Basal Cell is very long and rather nari'ow. It is remarkable 

 that while there is often a cross-vein placed near this same spot in the allied family 

 Vi/rtidce, there is also in that family a strong discal cross -vein (making a second 

 connection) from near the end of the praefurca to near the base of the discal cell 

 of Avhich there is no trace in the Nemestrinidoi ; on the other hand the veins towards 

 the end of the wing in Nemestrinidw lengthen out and tie themselves to the strong 

 " Diagonal Vein," and sometimes still further strengthen themselves by numerous 

 net-like veinlets, while in the Cyrtidce the veins towards the end of the wing grow 

 weaker and weaker and in many cases disappear. The strength of this " tie " in the 

 Kemestrinido' is evidenced by the way in which the cubital vein is pulled down at 

 this point towards the discal cell, and the same is shown in the Small Cross-vein 

 where the lower margin of the discal cell is pulled down and the postical vein (both 

 in its lower and upper branches) is pulled up to the " tie " ; the strings in the net- 

 work having been drawn tight at these two points. The Mydaidce have similarly 

 placed discal and small cross-veins, but the strengthening of the wing has been 

 obtained in them by tying the ends of the veins to the subcostal vein. 



4. The Discal Cell is elongate trapezoid with the basal side longer than the end 

 one, and with its outer end forming part of the "diagonal vein." The usual veinlets 

 emitted from the discal cell are removed further on so that the two upper ones start 

 beyond the discal cell from a veinlet which Avould normally represent the third 

 veinlet from the discal cell, being the veinlet which closes the fourth posterior cell 

 and is a continuing part of the " diagonal vein.'"' 



5. The " Diagonal Vein " is not a vein in itself, but is a continuous line of veins 

 which extend from the base of the priefurca to the end of the upper branch of the 

 postical vein. It is really composed of the praefurca, a long piece of the cubital vein 

 extending to the discal cross-vein (or its equivalent), the veinlet closing the discal 

 cell, the veinlet from the discal cell which closes the fourth posterior cell, and 

 lastly (when existing) the final piece of the upper branch of the postical vein. 



