3. ANTHRAX 525 



the face and fore part of the frons yellowish, and is moreover less closely 

 allied ; apparently also A. gallus, A. perspicillaris, and A. hispanus have 

 the tibiee more extensively black. 



A. fcnestratus is limited as to its range in Britain, as I have seen 

 recent specimens from only Dorsetshire, Hampshire, and Surrey, though a 

 specimen has been recorded from Wellington College, Berkshire (Hope 

 Museum) taken on August 4, 1902. I have seen it fairly common at 

 Bournemouth and I know that it occurs on many of the hot sandy 

 commons in and near the New Forest and in South Dorset ; in Surrey it 

 occurs in similar localities about Chobham and Weybridge. The original 

 locality, discovered by the late J. C. Dale in 1821, was at Parley Heath 

 (where I found it again in August 1904) which is a continuation of the 

 Bournemouth locality and is partly in Dorset and partly in Hants. I 

 have also taken it at Studland in Dorset. My records extend from June 

 19 to the end of August, but Curtis adds September; in June 1901 Dr 

 D. Sharp took twenty eight specimens at Matley in the New Forest 

 all of which were males, and my own experience seems to be that 

 the males are much more common than the females. It is accurately 

 recorded from only Middle and North Europe and North Asia, as all 

 records south of that apparently refer to one of the allied species. 

 Kiinckel d'Herculais states that he Ijred Antltra/xfcnestralis {fcnestratus T) 

 from the egg-case of a large locust {Ocncrodcs sp.), but his species was 

 probably one of the allies, 



Synonymy. — There can be l)ut little doubt that this is the true A. fenestrata 

 Fallen, as it is the only Swedish species to whicli his description can apply, and it 

 is equally certain that it is the A. oriiata Curtis. There is however the usual 

 difficulty that so few good descriptions exist of supiiosed well - known species ; 

 everybody is supposed to know A. fenestrata Fallen and consequently authors 

 liave not troubled about its description. The name fenestrata was first used 

 by Fallen in 1814, and his description might be doubtful because he said "Pedes 

 " nigri," which does not apply to our species ; the next use of the name was Meigen's 

 in 1820, but his descrij^tion obviously included A.jje^spicillaris ; Macquart's descrip- 

 tion in 1834 said nothing about the legs, and might apply to any of the closely 

 allied species; Zeller's remarks in the Isis of 1840 I have not seen. Zetterstedt, 

 who nnist have known Fallen's species correctly, wrote in his Insecta Lapponica 

 (1837), "Pedes nigri, femoribus ferrugineo-squamulosis, genubus tibiisque prsesertim 

 " anticis saepe obscure testaceis," which is almost in accord with our species, only 

 1 consider the tibiae always obscure testaceis jircesertim j^osticis ; in 1840 and subse- 

 cpiently he made no reference to the legs Avhereby he might seem to have acquiesced in 

 Fallen's "pedes nigri." Walker in 1851 said "pedibus fulvis" and "legs tawny" . . . 

 " tips of the tarsi black," which is hopelessly inaccurate. Bonsdorfl' in Finland's 

 Tvavingade Insekter (1861) said nothing about the legs. Schiner in 1862 had 

 obviously one of the allied species, probably A, pers2yicillaris, before him. 

 Jaennicke in 1867 had probably two or three species before him, but his notes are 

 insufficient for distinction. Lastly, Loew in 1869 when differentiating the allied 

 species always appeared to consider the legs of A. fenestrata to be black, especially 

 as he gave as one of the distinguishing characters of A. mutilus "tibiis prater 

 "apicem luteis." An examination of various continental specimens shows that 

 several from Bohemia in Kowarz's collection are practically the same as our species, 

 the legs being quite as pale, hut the markings rather brighter and the cinnamon 

 scales on the abdomen more abundant and more generally scattered ; a type of 

 A. perspicillaris from Loew is well distinguished. Bigot's collection contained 

 numerous specimens under his label of A . fenestratus from Corsica, Sicily, Spain, 

 etc., but not one of them was the same as our species. I remain therefore 

 confident that our species is the true A. fenestratus Fallen and that that species has 

 x'eddish orange tibite. 



