230 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE OR APE. 



stance; sometimes it eats the bark, and at other times works 

 its way under the surface. 



When full grown, the larva forms a pod-like cocoon of 

 a gummy sort of silk, covered with little bits of wood, bark, 

 and earth, and situated within or adjacent to the injured root. 

 Within this it changes to a brown chrysalis, whicli, when 

 mature, works itself out of the cocoon by means of minute 



teeth, with which the segments 

 Fig. 237. are armed, and thence to the 



surface of the ground, when the 

 perfect insect escapes. Fig. 237 

 shows the cocoon with the chrys- 

 alis partly protruding from it 

 and the newly-escaped moth 

 resting on it. 



The moth resembles a wasp in appearance, and in the noise 

 it makes during its flight. The female is shown in Fig. 238. 

 The antennae are simple and black, the body of a brownish- 

 black color, marked with orange or tawny yellow. There 

 is a bright-yellow band on the base of the second segment 

 of its abdomen, and usually a second one on the fourth 

 joint, but sometimes this latter is wanting ; near the tip of 

 the abdomen below there is a short pencil of tawny orange 

 hairs on each side. The fore wings are brownish black, with 

 a more or less distinct clear patch at the base ; the hind wings 

 transparent, with the veins, the terminal edge, and the fringe 

 brownish black. In the male (Fig. 239) the antennse are 

 toothed, except for a short distance near the tip; the thorax 

 and abdomen are darker in color, and in addition to the 

 short pencils of orange hairs on the abdomen below, there 

 are two longer ones above. The wings, when expanded, 

 measure from an inch to an inch and a half across. Tlie 

 moth appears during August. 



The female is said to de])osit her eggs on the collar of tiie 

 grape-vine, close to the earth, and the young larvoe, as soon 

 as hatched, descend to the roots. 



