ATTACKING THE FRUIT. ■ 299 



pulp, it sometimes eats portions of the seeds, and if tlie con- 

 tents of a single berry are not sufficient, two, three, or more 

 are drawn together, as shown in the figure, and fastened with a 

 patch of silk mixed with castings, when the larva travels from 

 one berry to another, eating into them and devouring their juicy 

 contents. At this period its length is about an eighth of an 

 inch or more ; the head is black, and the next segment has a 

 blackish shield covering most of its upper portion ; the body 

 is dull whitish or yellowish green. As it approaches maturity, 

 it becomes darker in color, and when about one-fourth of an 

 inch long is full grown. (See 6, Fig. 310.) The body is then 

 dull green, with a reddish tinge, and a few short hairs, head 

 yellowish green, shield on next segment dark brown, feet 

 blackish, prolegs green. 



When the larva is full grown, it is said to form its cocoon 

 on the leaves of the vine, cutting out for this purpose an 

 oval flap, which is turned back on the leaf, forming a snug 

 enclosure, which it lines with silk; frequently it contents 

 itself with rolling over a piece of the edge of the leaf, and 

 within this retreat the change to a chrysalis takes place. The 

 chrysalis is about one-fifth of an inch long, and of a yellow 

 or yellowish-brown color. 



The perfect insect, which is shown magnified at a, Fig. 310, 

 measures, when its wings are spread, nearly four-tenths of an 

 inch across. The fore wings are of a pale dull-bluish shade, 

 with a slight metallic lustre, becoming lighter on the interior 

 and posterior portions, and are ornamented with dark-brown 

 bands and spots. The hind wings are dull brown, deeper in 

 color towards the margin, the body greenish brown. There 

 are two broods of this insect during the year; the spring 

 brood feed on the tender shoots of the common ironweed 

 ( Vernonia noveboracensis), also on the tulip-tree. 



Remedies. — As it is probable that most of the late brood 

 pass the winter in the chrysalis state attached to the leaves, 

 if these were gathered and burned a large number of the 

 insects would perish. The infested grapes inight also be 



