ATTACKING THE LEAVES. 333 



like apparatus with which the female is provided. It is 

 about one-thirtieth of au inch long, and of a white color ; 

 its presence produces a slight swelling on the stalk, and by 

 splitting the stalk so as to open the swelling the egg may be 

 found. The eggs absorb moisture from the stem and increase 

 in size, and in about a fortnight hatch, when the young larvse 

 at once begin to feed on the leaves. At first they attract but 

 little attention, as the holes they make in the leaves are small, 

 but as they increase in size they often completely riddle the 

 foliage and destroy its usefulness. 



When full grown, they are nearly three-fourths of an inch 

 long, of a pale-greenish color, with a faint whitish bloom. 

 The skin is semi-transparent, revealing the movement of the 

 internal organs, which show through as dark-greenish patches. 

 There is a broken band along each side, of a deeper shade of 

 green, and below this the body has a yellowish tint. The 

 head is yellowish brown, with six black dots, the jaws dark 

 brown, and the under surface yellowish. The larvae fall to 

 the ground when disturbed. 



When mature, they burrow under the surface, and form 

 oval cocoons by cementing together minute fragments of 

 earth, and within these enclosures the remaining transforma- 

 tions are completed, the insect finally issuing in the perfect 

 or winged form. 



The fly is black, with two rows of large whitish spots upon 

 the abdomen ; antennae black, legs brown. The wings, when 

 spread, measure a little more than half an inch across. Those 

 belonging to the first brood of larvae appear on the wing early 

 in July, when eggs are deposited for a second brood, which 

 are found during August. They complete their larval growth, 

 enter the ground, and construct their earthen cells, in which 

 they remain unchanged until the following spring, when they 

 enter the pupa state and transform to flies within a few cays. 



Rdf'a.tdies. — Hellebore and water, or Paris-green and water, 

 showered on the vines in the proportions recommended under 

 No. 181, will destroy them. 



