MANUAL OF FRUIT mSECTS 



CHAPTER I 



GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 



Insects are among the most formidable enemies to successful 

 fruit-growing. According to conservative estimates from 20 

 to 40 per cent of the fruit crop of the United States is annually 

 destroyed by insect pests. In 1909 Quaintance estimated the 

 annual loss to the deciduous fruit interests of the country from 

 insect depredations at over $66,000,000, divided as follows : 



Codlin-moth $16,716,667 



San Jose scale 10,528,265 



Peach-tree borers 6,000,000 



Grape insects 8,769,905 



Plum curculio 8,590,769 



Miscellaneous apple insects 10,089,932 



Miscellaneous pear insects 1,328,613 



Cranberry insects 396,656 



Miscellaneous stone fruit insects . . . 3,693,843 



Total $66,114,650 



This sum includes the cost of spraying and other repressive 

 measures for the control of fruit insects. 



The enemies of fruits treated in this book belong, with one or 

 two exceptions, to the class of animals known as insects. The 

 pear leaf blister-mite, the red-spider and clover-mite belong to 

 the Arachnida. In many respects insects differ widely from 

 the higher animals with whose structure we are more familiar. 



B 1 



