16 



FRUIT INSECTS 



York and Michigan, — there is one full generation and usually 

 a partial second, the completeness of the latter depending on 

 the length of the season. In Nebraska, Missouri and Virginia 

 there are two full generations ; in Arkansas there are three 

 and in Georgia three and a partial fourth. In Washington, 

 Oregon, Utah and Idaho there are two full generations and 

 there is strong evidence that there are at least three in Arizona. 



While the codlin- 

 moth is distinctly an 

 apple pest, it is also 

 an important enemy 

 of the pear. In 1898 

 Slingerland estimated 

 the loss to the pear 

 crop in New York at 

 $500,000. Wild haws, 

 crab apples andquinces 

 are also quite freely 

 eaten by the larvae. 

 In California English 

 walnuts are generally 

 infested to a slight 

 extent by the larvae of 

 the later generations. 

 It has been reported 

 as injuring plums in Canada and also in New Mexico. 

 Natural eneinies. 



The eggs of the codlin-moth are parasitized by a minute 

 chalcis-fly, Trichogramma pretiosa Riley, four of these tiny 

 flies having been reared from a single egg. The eggs are also 

 attacked by a mite, Tromhidium sp. The larva is attacked by 

 the hymenopterous parasites, Pimpla annulipes Brulle, 

 Macrocentrus delicatus Cress., Ascogaster carpocapsce Vier., 

 Goniozus sp., Bethylus sp., and by two Tachina flies, Hypos- 



Fig. 13. — A wormy apple, showing the mass 

 of brown particles thrown out at the blossom 

 end by the young larva. 



