APPLE INSECTS 21 



practice under Eastern conditions, where it is necessary to 

 make repeated applications of a fungicide for the control of 

 apple scab and other fungous diseases, but they have called 

 attention to the great importance of doing very thorough work 

 with the first spray. 



At the time the first spraying is made the codlin-moth eggs 

 have not yet been laid and the majority do not hatch until 

 about 3 or 4 weeks later. If about the time of hatching the 

 foliage and fruit are thoroughly coated with a fine arsenical 

 spray, many of the newly hatched larvae will be killed before 

 reaching the apple, since many of the eggs are laid at some 

 distance from the fruit and the larvae feed to some extent on 

 the leaves. 



In case the first spraying, because of carelessness or for some 

 other reason, has not controlled the worms, it may be advisable 

 to spray for the second brood. This spraying should be done 

 just as the majority of the eggs are hatching. The proper 

 time may be determined by banding a few trees with burlap 

 bands. When empty cocoons are found beneath them it shows 

 that the moths are emerging. Eggs will be hatching in about 

 a week or two. In New York the second brood larvae enter 

 the fruit in late July and in August, but the exact time varies 

 greatly with the season. 



The larvae of the later broods are much more numerous than 

 those of the first and the loss which they inflict is correspond- 

 ingly greater. Where the first spraying has been neglected 

 one cannot hope to protect his crop by spraying for the second 

 brood alone. But where the first brood has been reduced to 

 a minimum by a thorough early spraying much good can 

 oftentimes be accomplished by a later spraying to destroy the 

 progeny of the few stragglers missed earlier in the season. 



Paris green has been for years the standard poison used 

 against the codlin-moth, but it has now been almost entirely 

 replaced by arsenate of lead. The latter has, on the whole, 



