APPLE INSECTS — BUDS AND FOLIAGE 47 



upon this leaf and the newly formed wood, sometimes burrowing 

 into it a short distance. In a short time this burrow is deserted, 

 and the caterpillar, now of a dark flesh color, with polished 

 black head and cervical shield, constructs a short, yellowish, 

 woolly tube or case on the leaves, from which it sallies forth to 

 another. When full-grown in June the caterpillars are about 

 J an inch long, and they transform in their cases to the adult 

 insect, a Tortricid moth. There is but one brood annually. 

 The front wings of the moth expand about J an inch, and at the 

 base and tip of each there is a large grayish-brown spot, those 

 at the base being darker and the others mottled with white ; be- 

 tween these spots the wings are white, with silvery reflections. 



The tips of infested })ranches die back to the base of the first 

 perfect leaf, and the trees present a blasted appearance. Apple 

 trees only are attacked by this bud-worm, and it has a relentless 

 enemy in the form of the small parasitic fly, Microdus eari- 

 noides. 



As their work on the terminal buds and leaves is quite con- 

 spicuous, many of the young caterpillars can be destroyed in 

 their burrows by pruning off and burning the infested tips. 

 Later, in June, when they are feeding from their woolly cases 

 on the leaves, a poison spray would prove an effective treatment. 



The Cigar-case-bearer 



Coleophora fletcherella Fernald 



About 1890 this interesting little case-bearer first appeared in 

 injurious numbers in apple, pear and plum orchards in New 

 York and Canada, where it continues to do more or less damage 

 each year. It has been reportt^l from New Mexico, Montana, 

 Maine and British Columbia, when* it was doubtless introduced 

 on nursery stock. (3n account of its small size and peculiar 

 habits, the insect itself will rarely be seen by the* fruit-grrowor. 



