APPLE INSECTS — BUDS AND FOLIAGE 



49 



miners in the leaves for two or three weeks, then construct 

 their curious Uttle curved cases from bits of the skins of the 

 leaves, and by the middle of September migrate to the twigs, 

 where they hibernate. 



This cigar-case-bearer is capable of doing much damage to 

 the young fruit and the foliage of fruit trees, and as it is pro- 

 tected by a case 

 and mines in the 

 leaves, it requires 

 skillful and 

 thorough spraying 

 to successfully con- 

 trol it. Possibly 

 the strong sprays 

 used against the San Jose scale in winter might reach the 

 hibernating caterpillars in their tiny curved cases on the 

 twigs. Early in the spring, or soon after the buds open and 

 the caterpillars begin work, a thorough application of kerosene 

 emulsion, diluted with 9 parts of water, has proved effective 

 in Canada. In the commercial orchards of western New York 

 case-bearers are usually controlled by the use of arsenate of lead, 

 as recommended for the })ud-moth, page 42. 



IIefekences 



Fig. 51. 



Cigar-case-bearer moth (X 7). 



Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 93. 1895. 



Fletcher, Kept. Ent. Ottawa, for 1894, pp. 201-206. 



U. S. Bur. Ent. Bull. 80, Ft. II. 1909. 



1895. 



The Pistol Case-bearer 



Coleophora malivorella Riley 



This interesting insect spends about seven months of its 

 life (from about September 1 to April 1) in hibernation as a 

 minute, half-grown caterpillar in a small, pistol-shaped case 



