APPLE INSECTS — liZfDS ANT) FOLIAGE 61 



early in the season when the first brood is working, so as to pre- 

 vent the development of later broods. The insect can also be 

 controlled with a poison spray. Spray thoroughly just as the 

 eggs are hatching early in the spring, when th(^ first leaves are 

 unfolding, with arsenate of lead, 4 to 6 pounds in 100 gallons of 

 water. Repeat the application in a few days if necessary. If 

 the first brood is missed or not treated, quite eff(»ctive work can 

 also be done against thc^ later broods of caterpillars with the 

 poison sprays if applied just as the eggs are hatching. 



References 



Forbes, 4th Ropt. Ent. Til., i)]). 75-8;'). 1889. 

 Mo. Agr. Kxp. SI a. Bull. 36, pp. ()3-73. 189(). 

 Iowa A^-. Kxp. St a. Boll. 102. 1909. 



The Apple Leaf-sewer 



Ancylis nubeculana Clemens 



This insect works on apple leaves in much the same way as 

 the lesser apple leaf-folder, but it differs much in its life history. 

 The greenish-yellow caterpillar is about § an inch long when full- 

 grown and has a yellowish head and cervical shield, the latter 

 with a conspicuous black spot near each outer hind corner. 

 These caterpillars hatch in early June, soon fold over a portion 

 of a leaf, and finally draw the opposite edges of the whole leaf 

 together upwards and securely fasten or sew them with silk. 

 Within this hollow shelter they feed on the green tissues during 

 the rest of the season, becoming full-grown in autumn. Their 

 leafy home is then lined with silk and the caterpillars hibernate 

 therein in the fallen leaves. There is thus but a single brood 

 annually, the (;aterpillars transforming through yellowish-brown 

 pupse to the moths in about 10 days in April. The pupa? wriggle 

 their way through the back of the decayed leaves and the moths 

 continue to emerge for about a month. The oddly marked front 



