APPLE INSECTS — BUDS AND FOLIACE 



69 



preferably u])()n ilie leaves of the ten(l(>r slujots, and soon con- 

 struct their peculiar easels of silk, excrement and other debris. 

 Additions are built on around th(^ larger (^nd of the case as the 

 caterpillar grows, and alth()u«2;}i rou^h exteriorly, it is smoothly 

 lined with silk on the hiterior. As cold weather approaches, 

 the cases containing; the partially grown caterpillars are fas- 

 tened up for hiber- . _ 

 nation. There is 

 but a single brood 

 annually. 



At least three para- 

 sites attack this leaf- 

 crumpler and render 

 efficient aid in hold- 

 ing it in check. 



As their hibernating quarters are rendered quite conspicuous 

 by surrounding brown and crumpled leaves, it is practicable 

 to hand pick these winter nests from the bare trees, and thus 

 destroy many of the young caterpillars. Over 140 have been 

 taken from a single 6-year-old tree in Oklahoma, and one man 

 collected 1584 of the winter nests in 4 hours. 



The insect can be easily controlled also by the thorough 

 application of a poison spray just before and again just after 

 the blossoming period of the trees. 



^J§p'' 



Fig. 73. — The leaf-crumpler moth (X 32). 



11eferen(;es 



Forbes, 4ih Rcpl. Slate Knt. 111. 

 Mo. k^v. Exp. St a. Hull. 'M\, pp. 



pp. 65-74. 1889. 

 7;i-S(). 1896. 



Thk Trumpet Leaf-miner 

 Tischcria malifoliella Clemens 



Over the eastern half of th(^ United States and Canada this 

 is often the most common and destructive of the insects which 



