88 



FRUIT INSECTS 



Fig. 



Fall canker-worms 

 (Xl|). 



top marked by a darker ring and 

 central spot (Figs. 90 and 91). They 

 are laid in exposed positions on the 

 bark (Fig. 89), mostly on the twigs, 

 in flattened masses of from 100 to 

 over 400, and are set close together 

 on end in quite regular rows. 



The eggs hatch in April or May 

 when the buds are opening, and the 

 caterpillars work on the foliage for 

 about a month in the same manner 

 as the spring canker-worms. The 

 full-grown fall canker-worms are 

 about an inch in length, slender, 

 of a general black color with the 

 venter and all the legs light apple 

 green (Figs. 92 and 93). Just below 

 the spiracles there is a stripe of light 

 lemon yellow, and above them on 

 each side of the body are three nar- 

 rower whitish stripes. There are 

 3 pairs of pro-legs, but the first 

 pair are much smaller and are not 



used when the caterpillar loops or 

 spans in walking. About June 1, 

 most of the caterpillars spin down 

 from the trees and enter the ground 

 from 1 to 4 inches, where they con- 

 struct a thin but dense and tough 

 silken cocoon in which the greenish- 

 brown, somewhat tender pupae 

 (Fig. 94) remain until November, 

 or sometimes until the next spring. 

 There is only one brood annually. 



Fig. 



94. — Pupse of fall canker- 

 worm. Enlarged. 



