92 



FRUIT INSECTS 



Fig. 99.— 

 Pupa of the 

 lime-tree span- 

 worm. En- 

 larged. 



Birds, especially the bluejay, get many of the 

 caterpillars. The fiery and rummaging ground- 

 beetles {Calosoma calidum and scrutator) also 

 climb the infested trees and capture them. 



Remedial treatment. 



As its habits and life history are similar to 

 those of the fall canker-worm, this lime-tree 

 measuring-worm can be controlled by the same 

 barrier and spraying methods. About a week 

 before they go into the ground to transform, 

 these large caterpillars are very restless and often 

 either drop or are blown from the trees to the 

 ground. In their wanderings and attempts to 

 get on to the trees again, many have been caught 

 in the wire-screen barriers applied earlier to pre- 

 vent the ascent of the spring canker-worm moths. 



The Mottled Umber-moth 



Era) mis defoliaria C'lerck 



This common and destructive European orchard pest has 

 established itself in British Columbia, and since 1893 it has been 

 more or less destructive in plum and cherry orchards. The 

 caterpillars are general feeders on various fruit and shade trees 

 and often gnaw into unripe cherries in England. The life 

 history and habits of this mottled umber-moth are very simi- 

 lar to those of the American lime-tree span-worm, the moths 

 emerging in November and the caterpillars working in June 

 and early July in British Columbia. 



The European insect differs but little from the native species. 

 The wingless females are brownish with rows of brown instead 

 of black spots, and the dull ochre-brown front wings of the 

 males are crossed by two wider dark waved bands, while the 



