APPLE INSECTS — BUDS AND FOLIAGE 99 



This half-winged canker-worm will rcuidily siiccniml:) to the 

 same remedial treatments as advised for the fall canker-worm. 



The White Ennomid 

 Ennomos subsignarius Hiibner 



This common and widespread measuring-worm often strips 

 various forest trees and shrubs, and it has also defoliat(Hl apple 

 orchards in Georgia and Kentucky. The moths are snow-white, 

 with a wing-expanse of about 1| inches ; the males have strongly 

 pectinate antenna?. It is said that if a bird alights in a tree 

 where the moths are numerous, they suddenly drop like snow- 

 flakes to the ground for protection. The caterpillars also drop 

 at the slightest jar and swing in the air by their silken threads. 

 They are about If of an inch long, of a reddish-black color and 

 have two pairs of pro-legs and three pairs of small tubercles 

 on the back. The caterpillars transform through oddly granu- 

 lated, brown-dotted pupae to the moths in about 10 days in 

 May or June in one or more leaves rolled or loosely fastened 

 together. The snow-white moths appear mostly in June and 

 lay their pouch-shaped, greenish-olive eggs in large patches 

 of a hundred or more on the undersides of the upper branches 

 of the trees. The eggs are set on their rounded ends, the top 

 being cut off rather squarely and marked with a narrow, white, 

 oval ring surrounding a darker area. There is but one genera- 

 tion annually, and about 9 months are spent in the egg stage, 

 the eggs hibernating and hatching in April or May. 



This measuring-worm can be readily controlled in orchards 

 by thoroughly spraying the trees in May when the caterpillars 

 are small with arsenate of lead, 5 pounds in 100 gallons of water. 



Reference 

 Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 286. 1910. 



