APPLE INSECTS — BUDS AND VOLTAGE 



101 



Fig. 112. — Pupae of the white- 

 marked tussock-moth. Enlarged. 



four abdominal segments, and 



pencils of long plume-tipped black 



hairs projecting from each side 



of the first thoracic segment and 



from the back of the eighth 



abdominal segment. These 



strikingly beautiful caterpillars 



are common in orchards, espe- 

 cially on apple, pear, quince and 



plum trees, in Canada and over 



the eastern half of the United 



States. Considerable injury often 



results from their work on the foliage in orchards, and 



in one case 25 per cent of the apples were ruined by the 



caterpillars gnawing into the sides. But the insect often be- 

 comes a far more de- 

 structive and formidable 

 pest in cities and towns 

 on shade trees, especially 

 the horse chestnut, pop- 

 lar and elm. 



In the North there is 

 l)ut a single annual brood, 

 but in southern New 

 York and southward 

 there are two or three 

 broods. The caterpillars 

 feed mostly from the un- 

 derside of the leaves dur- 

 ing June, and in July 

 they transform to pupae 

 (Fig. 112) in their silken 

 cocoons, in which their 

 long hairs are inter- 



FiG. 113. — Female white-marked tussock- 

 moths depositing egg-masses on cocoons. 



