APPLE INSECTS — BUDS AND FOLIAGE 107 



the members of which are not usually of economic importance, 

 its natural enemies probably were not introduced with it into 

 this country, and it is maintaining itself and slowly spreading 

 in Massachusetts. Judging from its range in Asia, the insect 

 can live almost anywhere in the United States as far as climate 

 is concerned. Whether it ever becomes a serious pest in 

 America, especially on fruit trees, only the future can reveal, 

 but the probabilities are that it will not. 



The caterpillars will doubtless succumb to a thorough appli- 

 cation of a strong poison, like arsenate of lead, 4 pounds in 100 

 gallons of water, and it would be practicable to prune off and 

 destroy the curious cocoons in winter or early spring on small 



trees. 



Reference 



Mass. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 114. 1907. 



The Fall Webworm 

 Ilyphantria canea Drury 



The unsightly nests of this caterpillar an; familiar objects in 

 late summer on a large number of forest and shade trees (Fig. 

 116). Economically this insect is of greater importance as a 

 shade tree pest in cities than as an enemy of fruit trees, but 

 occasionally its attacks on appk; and pear are sufficiently severe 

 to cause considerable loss. It feeds on over one hundred differ- 

 ent trees and is distributcnl over the Eastern states from Georgia 

 and Texas to Montana and Canada ; it also occurs in Califor- 

 nia. In the North, wIhtc only one generation develops annually, 

 it only occasionally causes s(Tious injury to fruit trees, but 

 from southern New York southward, where there are two full 

 generations, orchards are sometimes completely stripped of 

 their leaves. In the South it sometimes becomes a serious 

 enemy of the pecan. 



The winter is passed by the reddish-brown pupae, i inch in 



