APPLE INSECTS 



179 



50, and these hibernate with the dead and shriveled bodies of 

 the mothers under the scales. 



The scurfy scale apparently has fewer enemies than the 

 oyster-shell scale, as but a single parasite, Ablerus clisiocampce, 

 is recorded. Two ladybird beetles, the twice-stabbed lady- 

 bird and a species of Hyperaspidius, however, devour many 

 of them. 



Remedial treatments. 



The remedial measures recommended for the oyster-shell 

 scale will also control the scurfy scale. 



Putnam's Scale 

 Aspidiotus ancylus Putnam 



This native American scale insect is common and widely 

 distributed, but is rarely injurious except upon plum trees and 

 currant bushes, which are sometimes 

 incrusted as badly as with the much 

 more dangerous and destructive San 

 Jose scale. Apple, pear, peach, nec- 

 tarine, cherry and orange trees, be- 

 sides several shade trees, are also 

 among its food-plants. The mature, 

 dark gray or blackish, nearly circular 

 female scale (Fig. 177) can be dis- 

 tinguished from the European fruit- 

 scale or the cherry scale by microscopic characters only, but with 

 a hand-lens it is usually readily separated from the San Jose scale 

 by its exposed orange exuvium situated at one side of the center. 

 It passes the winter in a nearly full-grown condition. The males 

 appear in April and the females are oviparous, depositing from 

 30 to 40 eggs under the scales in late spring or early summer. 

 The crawling young lice hatch mostly in June and July, and there 

 is but a single generation in a year in northern latitudes. 



Fig. 177. — Putnam's scale, en- 

 larged. Redrawn from Joutel. 



