APPLE INSECTS — BORERS AND MISCELLANEOUS 203 



leaving the bark intact. The white, legless grubs about 

 f of an inch long have a row of short, parallel, chitinous 

 ridges near the front margin of the head, a portion of the dor- 

 sum of the thorax is striated and elevated, and there are double, 

 transverse rows of minute, brownish, toothlike projections 

 both on the dorsal and ventral portions of the third to the tenth 

 segments. Early in July these grubs block up the ends of 

 their channels and all holes or cracks in the bark with small 

 shavings and at one end transform through the pupal stage to 

 the adult insect in about two weeks. 



This twig-girdler is common throughout the eastern and 

 southern portions of the United States, and while working 

 mostly on elm, hickory and other forest trees, it includes the 

 following fruit-trees among its food-plants : apple, pear, quince, 

 peach, plum, cherry and persimmon. The beetles are the 

 depredators, their progeny doing no harm by working in the 

 dead twigs on the ground. Sometimes the ground under shade 

 trees is strewn with the girdled twigs, but fruit-trees are rarely 

 seriously injured. 



The remedy is simple. Gather and burn the fallen twigs 

 in autumn, winter or early spring, thus destroying the eggs and 

 young grubs in their hibernating quarters. 



References 



Kan. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 77, pp. 56-62. 1898. 

 Okl. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 91. 1911. 



Flea-beetles 



At least half a dozen different kinds of these small, active 

 beetles, with enlarged hind legs that enable them to jump like 

 fleas, sometimes attack and seriously injure young apple trees, 

 especially newly budded or grafted nursery stock and seedlings. 

 The beetles swarm from near-by weeds upon the trees in May 

 and June and eat small holes through the leaves, often riddling 



