APPLE INSECTS — BORERS AND MISCELLANEOUS 209 



shoots by sucking out the sap in May. It is also reported as 

 common on pkim, cherry and larch trees and grape vines. 

 The eggs and nymphs have been found on pea vines and willow 

 trees and the old bugs in hibernation under bark. Another 

 species, Brochymena 4-pustulata, in both nymphal and adult 

 stages, is recorded as sucking the juices from the pupae of the 

 white-marked tussock-moth in Delaware, so that this ring-legged 

 tree-bug may also include injurious insects as a portion of its 

 diet, thus offsetting some of the injury it may do to plants. 



The adult bugs can be jarred or hand-picked from the trees 

 on to sheets, or the nymphs killed by spraying with kerosene 

 emulsion, whenever the insects become injurious in orchards 

 or vineyards. 



The Eye-spotted Apple-twig Borer 



Oberea ocellata Haldeman 



The new growth or twigs of young apple trees are sometimes 

 infested with a bright-yellow, deeply incised, legless grub about 

 half an inch long when mature and bearing a characteristic 

 shield-shaped, horny, roughened brownish plate arising ob- 

 liquely from the head and covering the dorsum of the first tho- 

 racic segment. These grubs devour the pith and also the woody 

 fiber of the twigs, ejecting their castings through pin-like holes 

 cut in the bark at irregular intervals. There is apparently 

 one generation of the insect in a year, the grubs maturing in 

 the fall and hibernating in their burrows, where they quickly 

 transform through the pupa stage to the adult insect in April 

 and May. The slender Cerambycid beetles, measuring about 

 an eighth of an inch in length, are of a pale, reddish-brown color 

 with their long antennae, wing-covers and feet very dark brown 

 or blackish. Two and sometimes four conspicuous black spots 

 occur on the dorsum of the thorax. Besides apple twigs, the 

 insect also breeds in the twigs of peach, plum, pear and poison 



