RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY AND DEWBERRY INSECTS 337 



exuviae or cast skins at the margin. Among these larger female 

 scales are many of the shorter, narrower, three-ridged, white 

 scales of the male insect (Fig. 297). 



This rose scale is practically a cosmopolitan insect, occurring 

 wherever roses are grown, and it is widely distributed over the 

 United States and Canada. It is not often a serious pest in 

 berry plantations and is usually readily controlled. 

 In New Jersey, and 

 doubtless also in more 

 southern localities, the 

 rose scale may hiber- 

 nate in all stages from 

 the egg to the gravid 

 females, mostly, how- 

 ever, as young scales 

 of both sexes, as male 

 pupae and as full-grown 

 females. Observations 

 in Canada also indi- 

 cate similar hiberna- 

 tion conditions and at 

 least two generations 

 annually. Breeding is 

 almost continuous after April, and three or more broods may 

 occur in New Jersey and southward. 



Two little hymenopterous parasites, Aphelinus diaspidis 

 and Arrhenophagus chionaspidis, destroy many of the scales. 

 Remedial measures. 



In berry plantations cut and ])urn all badly infested canes 

 soon after the fruit is off, or in winter, and thus prevent serious 

 infestation of the new canes. Thorough applications of a soap 

 spray (1 pound whale-oil or other good soap in 1 gallon water) 

 or the lime-sulfur spray in winter or early spring have been 

 found to effectively control this insect. 



Fig. 296. — The rose 

 scale, tipped over to 

 show the eggs beneath 

 it (X7i). 



Fig. 297. — a male 

 and two female rose 

 scales ( X 3) . 



