416 FRUIT INSECTS 



References 



Harris, Insects Injurious to Vegetation, pp. 183-185. 184L 



Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 215. 1904. 



Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 198. 1908. 



N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 331, pp. 568-579. 1910. 



U. S. Bur. Ent. Bull. 97, Pt. 1. 1911. 



N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 344. 1912. 



U. S. Bur. Ent. Bull. 116, Pt. 1. 1912. 



Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., 19. 1914. 



A closely related species {Dicraneura cockerelli Gillette) has 

 been known to attack the vine in New Mexico. 



The Grape-leaf Skeletonizer 

 Harrisina a7nericana Guerin-Meneville 



More often feeding on vines grown in the garden, this native 

 American caterpillar rarely becomes of economic importance in 

 commercial vineyards. It is generally distributed throughout 

 the eastern United States from New England to Florida, and 

 westward to Missouri and Arizona, its range extending into Mex- 

 ico. Its original food-plants were the Virginia creeper and wild 

 grapes. The moths appear on the vines in the spring soon 

 after the leaves are fully expanded. They are of a uniform 

 blue-black color with a yellow collar, and have an expanse of 

 about one inch. The female deposits her small lemon-colored 

 oval eggs in loose clusters of one hundred or more on the under 

 side of the leaves ; they hatch in a week or ten days. The small 

 yellowish white larvae feed on the epidermis of the leaf; they 

 remain in colonies and are usually found feeding in rows like 

 soldiers in line. Until the larvae reach the fifth instar, only the 

 epidermis is consumed. They then eat holes through the leaves, 

 devouring all the tissue except the larger veins. The full- 

 grown larva is about one half inch in length, sulfur-yellow in 



