GRAPE INSECTS 427 



feeds on the pith, becoming full-grown in July. About this 

 time the infested cane usually breaks off at the first joint below 

 the egg puncture and drops to the ground. Pupation takes 

 place in the cane and the beetles emerge in August. 



This insect may be controlled by the same measures as 

 suggested for the preceding species. 



Reference 

 W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 119, pp. 330-339. 1909. 



The Cottony Maple Scale 

 Pulvinaria vitis Linnaeus 



Grape-vines growing in the shade are sometimes infested by 

 this conspicuous and curious scale insect, although it is rarely 

 abundant enough to cause injury. The cottony maple scale 

 is a native of Europe, probably introduced into this country in 

 the early part of the last century. Its list of food-plants is 

 extensive, including apple, pear, quince, plum, mulberry, 

 osage-orange, box-elder, honey locust, elm, hack-berry and many 

 others ; in our cities it has become notorious as an enemy of 

 the soft maple, hence its common name. When growing on 

 different plants the scales vary greatly in size and form and the 

 species has therefore received many scientific names. When 

 living on the grape the mature female scale is about one fifth 

 inch in length, brownish in color and resembles half a coffee- 

 berry in form. Each female lays about 3000 pale yellowish, 

 oval eggs in a large white cottony mass of waxen threads 

 secreted by glands on the under side of the body (Figs. 365 and 

 366). As this flocculent mass increases in size the posterior 

 end of the scale is raised from the bark at an angle of about 

 45 degrees. When the full number of eggs has been laid these 

 cottony masses are much larger than the scales themselves and 

 render infested branches highly conspicuous. The eggs are laid 



