130 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO \T:GETATI0N. 



legs, standing out on each side, give to these insects ahnost 

 precisely the appearance of a little branching twig, whence is 

 derived the name of walking sticks, generally applied to them. 

 The South American Bacteria arumatia, rubispinosa, and phyl- 

 Una, and two species of DiajjJieromera? described and figured 

 in Say's "American Entomology," under the names of Spectrum 

 femoratum and bivittatum, are of the latter description. These 

 insects are very sluggish and inactive, are found among trees 

 and bushes, on which they often remain motionless for a long 

 time, or walk slowly over the leaves and young shoots, which 

 are their appropriate food. The American species are not so 

 numerous, and have not proved so injurious as particularly to 

 attract attention. 



rV. JUMPERS. {Orthoptera sanatoria.) 



These are by far the most abundant and prolific, and the 

 most destructive of the Orthopterous insects. They were all 

 included by Linnaeus in his great genus Gryllus, in separate 

 divisions, however, three of which correspond to the families 

 Achetada;* Grylliadce,^ and Locustiad(B,\ in my " Catalogue of 

 the Insects of Massachusetts," and may retain the synonymous 

 English names of Crickets, Grasshoppers, and Locusts. These 

 three families may thus be distinguished from each other. 



1. Crickets (Achetad^); with the wing-covers horizontal, 

 and furnished with a narrow, deflexed outer border; antennae 

 long and tapering; feet three-jointed (except CEcanthus, which 

 has four joints to the hind feet) ; two tapering, downy bristles 

 at the end of the body, between which, in most of the females, 

 there is a long spear-pointed piercer. 



2. Grasshoppers (Gryllid.e); with the wing-covers sloping 

 downwards at the sides of the body, or roofed, and not bor- 

 dered; antennae long and tapering; feet with four joints; end 

 of the body, in the females, with a projecting sword or sabre- 

 shaped piercer. 



3. Locusts (L0CUSTAD.1;); with the wing-covers roofed, and 



* Gryllus Acheta, Linnseus. f Gryllus Tettigonia, L. % Gryllus Locusta, L. 



