IIEMIPTERA. 199 



from the exhausting punctures of the vine-hoppers. In conse- 

 quence of the interruption of the important functions of the 

 leaves, the plant itself languishes, the stem docs not increase 

 in size, very little new wood is formed, or, in the language of 

 the gardeners, the canes do not ripen well, the fruit is stunted 

 and mildews, and, if the evil be allowed to go on unchecked, 

 in a few years the vines become exhausted, barren, and worth- 

 less. In the autumn the vine-hoppers desert the vines, and 

 retire for shelter during the coming winter beneath fallen leaves 

 and among the decayed tufts and roots of grass, where they 

 remain till the following spring, when they emerge from their 

 winter-quarters, and in due time deposit their eggs upon the 

 leaves of the vine, and then perish. As the vine-hoppers are 

 much more hardy and more vivacious than the European vine- 

 fretters or plant-lice, the applications that have proved destruc- 

 tive to the latter are by no means so efficacious with the former. 

 Fumigations with tobacco, beneath a movable tent placed over 

 the trellisses, answer the purpose completely.* They require 

 frequent repetition, and considerable care is necessary to pre- 

 vent the escape and ensure the destruction of the insects; 

 circumstances which render the discovery of some more expe- 

 ditious method an object to those whose vineyards are extensive. 

 There is another little leaf-hopper that has been mistaken 

 for a vine-fretter or Thrips, though never found upon the grape- 

 vine. It lives upon the leaves of rose-bushes, and is very 

 injurious to them. In its perfect state it is rather less than 

 three twentieths of an inch long. Its body is yellowish white, 

 its wing-covers and wings are white and transparent, and its 

 eyes, claws, and piercer brown. The male has two recurved 

 appendages at the tip of its hind body. It may be called 

 Tettig-onia Rosce.f Swarms of these insects may be found, 

 in various stages of growth, on the leaves of the rose-bush, 

 through the greater part of summer, and even in winter upon 



* See Fessenden's " New American Gardener," p. 299, for a description of the 

 tent and of the process of fumigation. 



t This insect may be the Cicada Rosce of Linnaeus, or lassus Rosm of Fabri- 

 cius. It belongs to Dr. Fitch's genus Empoa, as also does Tettigonia Fabce. The 

 Tettigonia Vitis is an Erythroneura of the same author. 



